Purposes Because of the different physicochemical properties of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) and the intense mobility of trivalent arsenic, coupled remediation processes of contaminated soils with toxic cations [Pb(Ⅱ)] and anions [As(III)/As(V)] have always been a technical challenge. Methods In this paper, the Box-Behnken design test in response surface methodology was used to explore the effect of curing agent (ERS) synthesized by different steel slag, modified electrolytic manganese slag, and red mud ratios combined with Fenton reagent on solidification/stabilization of lead-arsenic co-contaminated soil. Results The results show that the model developed by response surface methodology can accurately predict the relationship between factors and curing performance. The strength value of stabilized/solidified contaminated soil reaches 1.05 MPa when the content of the Fenton reagent is 1.92% and ERS (manganese slag to steel slag mass ratio of 0.544 and red mud content of 28.755%) is 15%. In addition, the Pb and As leaching concentrations from the ERS-Fenton-based stabilized/solidified soil are only 0.10 and 0.33 mg·L-1, respectively. Adding the Fenton reagent can assist the ERS curing agent to oxidize most of the As(III) in the contaminated soil to As(V) and promote ettringite production. Complexation-precipitation, chemical oxidation, and physical encapsulation are the main solidification/stabilization mechanisms controlling the effects of the ERS curing agent and Fenton reagent on Pb and As in the soil. Conclusions This paper provides a new research idea and technical path for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites, and the research results can provide a scientific basis and theoretical support for the resource utilization of hazardous solid waste.
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