Purposes Faced with the urgent demands of the “dual carbon” goals, the electricity industry, as the largest source of carbon emissions in China, is under significant pressure to undergo a low-carbon energy transition. To address this issue, China initiated the implementation of renewable energy electricity quotas in 2018. However, owing to disparities in economic development, industrial structure, and resource endowment among provinces, scientific and reasonable quota allocation is crucial. Methods Accordingly, in this paper, a renewable energy power quota allocation mechanism was proposed. First, an autoregressive integrated moving average model was employed to forecast the future electricity generation data of each province. Subsequently, the data envelopment analysis method was applied to maximize the overall proportion of renewable energy electricity generation in China, thereby exploring feasible quota allocation strategies. Results The results of the empirical study show that with optimal quota allocation, the proportion of renewable energy electricity generation in China could increase from 30.2% to 32% in 2025, while maintaining the total electricity generation level. Conclusions In conclusion, the proposed quota allocation method in this study contributes to guiding the implementation of China’s renewable energy electricity quota system, thereby supporting the achievement of the “dual carbon” goals.
考虑有n个决策单元(Decision-Making Unit,DMU),每个DMU包括公平性投入指标和效率性投入指标,以及可再生能源电力产出指标和不可再生能源电力产出指标,DMU p 的投入产出可表示为。本文全面综合考虑各省域的特征差异,涵盖了公平性和效率性投入指标,以及可再生和不可再生能源发电量产出指标,在确保全国总发电量不减少的前提下,以最大化全国的可再生能源发电比例为目标,提出了新的各省域可再生能源配额分配模型,如模型(2)所示。
在模型(2)中,DMU p为被考虑单元,为当DMU p 被考虑时DMU j 的乘数变量,、为可再生能源发电量和不可再生能源发电量变化的比例,为整体的可再生能源发电量占全部发电量的比例。约束(2.2)、(2.3)分别为公平性和效率性投入约束。约束(2.4)、(2.5)分别为可再生能源发电量和不可再生能源发电量产出约束。约束(2.6)表示模型(2)基于规模报酬可变(Variable Returns to Scale,VRS)假设。约束(2.7)确保了总发电量不减少。约束(2.8)为的计算表达式。约束(2.9)表示可再生能源发电量不可减少。约束(2.10)中,为一个可设定的参数,在时表示不可再生能源发电量也不可减少;当时,可理解为在保持总发电量不减少的同时,不可再生能源发电量的部分可以转化为可再生能源发电量,不可再生能源发电量的变化下界为。当一个区域努力提升自身区域的可再生能源发电量时,其不可再生能源应达到的发电量可以适当的减少,即鼓励可再生能源发电。值得说明的是,参数是一个可变的边界,表示不可再生能源发电量转换为可再生能源发电量的最大程度,或许并不会完全进行转化。
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