Purposes The proportion of photovoltaic(PV) power generation has been increasing in China. PV power generation is greatly affected by meteorological factors and its output power shows strong intermittency and volatility because of the complexity and variability of meteorological characteristics. Thus, the accuracy of future PV power prediction will directly affect the stable and safe operation of the power grid. Methods For improving the prediction accuracy of PV power, in this paper, a prediction model that integrates the local outlier algorithm, genetic algorithm and Gaussian process regression (GA-LOF-GPR) was proposed. First, the relationships between power generation and meteorological features were explored, and feature weight K-means clustering was used to classify meteorological types. Second, the local outlier factor algorithm was combined with the Gaussian process regression model to construct the prediction model of local outlier factor-weighted Gaussian process regression (LOF-GPR). Finally, the hyper-parameters of the weighted Gaussian process regression model were optimized by applying the genetic algorithm. Results The effectiveness and accuracy of the prediction model are verified by simulation prediction of the PV power generation data in Australia in 2018.
高斯过程回归(Gaussian process regression, GPR)是一种利用贝叶斯统计和概率模型来预测数据的非参数模型方法[12]。与传统的预测方法相比,GPR的优势在于它不仅能够估计预测值,还能提供预测的不确定性度量。因此,其广泛应用于电力系统的相关预测,如居民用电量预测[13],电池SOC估计[14]和发电功率预测。文献[15]考虑设备老化和环境变化等因素,利用高斯过程回归模型和分块缓存相结合,实现了短期风电功率概率预测;文献[16]通过长短期记忆网络分析气象因素和输出功率的关联性,并结合高斯过程回归实现准确的光伏功率预测;文献[17]运用纵横交叉算法进行优化高斯过程回归模型,减小了光伏预测的误差;文献[18]采用粒子群优化算法对高斯过程回归模型进行优化,可以帮助模型更好地拟合训练数据。上述文献中,尽管已有研究探讨了气象特征对发电功率的影响,但在进行预测前的准备工作中,许多文献未能体现气象特征的影响。此外,高斯过程回归模型的基础数据直接影响预测结果,因此,对异常数据的检测和处理十分关键。
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