城市森林花园住宅空间形态解析与提升策略研究
Analysis and Improvement Strategies of Urban Forest Garden Residential Space Morphology:Taking the “Fourth-Generation Houses” in Cold Regions of Shanxi Province as Examples
目的 高品质居住条件与住房增量转型的需求使得城市森林花园住宅(第四代住房)作为一种“空中四合院式住宅产品”成为中国当代住宅文化下的一种独特建筑形式,受到公众和市场广泛关注与推广。然而,由于缺乏理论体系,该类住宅大多数是对“空中四合院”文化符号和形式的模仿,缺乏对传统民居空间形态的传承。 方法 基于传统民居与现代城市森林花园住宅之间的空间联系,以空间作为地域适宜的内在结构线索,从实证角度出发,结合空间句法绘制山西传统民居与该类住宅样本空间拓扑图,并从庭院耦合度、标准纵深比、全局整合度、环圈度、连接性5个指标进行空间形态解析,从而定量衡量城市森林花园住宅居住空间的不同方面。 结果 通过数据的汇总和统计对比分析,综合5个空间属性指标,以选取的传统民居和住宅样本空间地域适宜匹配为目标,识别出影响城市森林花园住宅建筑形制的两种空间基因型为庭院空间和回游空间,并在此基础上以传统民居空间形态为范式提出城市森林花园住宅空间提升策略。
Purposes In the context of global architectural homogeneity and cultural diversity, the contradiction between cultural diversity and universal values has received widespread attention, and the spatial suitability of regional architecture has become a theoretical consensus to highlight the differences between locality and universality in architecture. Additionally, the demand for high-quality living conditions and the transformation of housing supply have made the urban forest garden housing (i.e., the fourth-generation houses) a unique architectural form in China’s contemporary residential culture, attracting widespread public and market attentions and promotions. However, because of the lack of a theoretic system, most of these types of housing only imitate the cultural symbols and forms of “airborne courtyard-style residential products”, lacking the inheritance of traditional residential spatial forms. Methods Therefore, on the basis of modern urban forest garden housing, space was taken as the intrinsic structural clue of regional suitability, and with an empirical perspective, the sample spatial topology drawings of Shanxi traditional residences and this type of houses were drawn by adopting spatial syntax. Besides, the spatial form was analyzed from five indicators. Thus, the quantitative measurement of different aspects of urban forest garden housing living space was achieved. Results The five spatial attribute indicators are comprehensively analyzed, with the goal of selecting traditional residences and housing samples with spatial suitability matching, two common Chinese residential spatial genotypes that influence the architectural form of urban forest garden housing as courtyard space and circulation space are identified. Moreover, spatial optimization and upgrading strategy based on traditional residential spatial forms is conducted.
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