To researth the performance of the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) precise point positioning (PPP) in Gansu Province, a precision analysis method for single BeiDou and BeiDou-inclusive multi-system combinations is proposed. The feasibility of using BDS to monitor displacement of continuous operating reference stations (CORS) during earthquakes is also analyzed. Based on multi-frequency, multi-mode observation data from the BeiDou satellite navigation reference station network in Gansu Province, and incorporating a phase bias correction model, the ambiguity resolution (AR) algorithm for ionosphere-free combination is applied. The positioning results are evaluated from multiple aspects such as positioning accuracy, satellite spatial distribution, and position dilution of precision (PDOP). Static and dynamic PPP-AR calculations are used to compute the displacement variation at the LXJS station in the epicenter of the Jishishan earthquake in Linxia. The results show that the BDS-3 (B3) positioning accuracy for single BeiDou is superior to B2/B3 and B2. The multi-system combination GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BDS-3 (G/R/E/B3) outperforms G/R/E/B2/B3 and G/R/E/B2. The multi-system combination G/R/E/B3 provides better results than single B3, with an improvement of at least 40% in the Up-direction positioning accuracy. Because B2 is affected by factors such as uneven distribution of space satellites, large satellite orbit and clock error, the PDOP value of single Beidou B2/B3 and multi-system combination G/R/E/B2/B3 decreases and the positioning accuracy decreases. The research conclusions provide a reference for millimeter-scale seismic displacement monitoring.
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