In order to solve the problem of low accuracy and low detection probability of spectrum information extraction of weak echo signal of coherent Doppler lidar, a spectrum estimation algorithm combining coherent accumulation, autocorrelation operation, Welch power spectrum estimation and energy barycenter method of signal is proposed based on the time-frequency domain analysis method of traditional signal. The simulation results show that compared with the energy center of gravity method and the ratio method, the average frequency estimation accuracy of the algorithm is increased by 43% and 46% respectively, and the lidar detection probability is the highest under the same conditions. The simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm can improve the frequency estimation performance of the weak signal of the coherent Doppler lidar, improve the lidar speed measurement accuracy and detection distance, and the detection ability is more stable. The algorithm is applied to the echo signal of 1 550 nm coherent Doppler lidar. The results show that the proposed algorithm effectively improves the velocity measurement accuracy of the lidar.
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