The existing importance analysis methods for multi-state systems have problems such as strong model dependence, strong subjectivity and data uncertainty, and mechanical errors. Therefore, a suitable analysis method for uncertain conditions is proposed. This method uses three-way decision rough set theory to quantify component uncertainty, combines dynamic spatial Markov model to calculate state probability distribution interval, and constructs an improved Griffith importance model. To identify weak links in the system, a new distance measurement interval ranking method is introduced to rank the importance results. The results showed that this method can effectively reflect the importance of components to the system under uncertain conditions, enhancing the scientific and rational nature of analysis. The example verification further confirms the practicability and feasibility of the method. The research conclusion can provide reference for reliability assessment, resource allocation, and maintenance decision-making of complex systems.
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