This paper proposes a low-carbon optimal dispatch method for source-grid-load-storage systems based on zero-carbon path constraints to address the scheduling challenges arising from multi-energy coupling and achieve low-carbon objectives. First, zero-carbon path constraints and a green electricity index are introduced to guide the system toward carbon neutrality by flexibly adjusting the carbon emission cap and the proportion of green electricity. Then, an optimization model is constructed that balances economic performance and green electricity penetration to enhance the system's low-carbon and coordinated operation. An improved whale optimization algorithm is developed to improve solving efficiency, incorporating a weighted elite selection strategy and a nonlinear convergence factor to enhance global exploration and local exploitation capabilities. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model and algorithm effectively improve dispatch performance, reduce system fluctuations, and achieve both low-carbon and economic goals. The research results can provide a reference for the optimization scheduling of multi-energy coupling systems in similar scenarios.
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