To achieve green regulation of slope seepage and promote the resource utilization of agricultural solid waste, this study employs rice husk ash (RHA) to amend typical highly weathered expansive mudstone. The water retention and seepage characteristics of the mudstone under different RHA contents were investigated through one-dimensional vertical infiltration tests and soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) measurements. The results indicate that RHA effectively fills soil pores and improves particle gradation, significantly increasing the air-entry value and residual volumetric water content, reducing the desaturation rate. RHA decelerates the wetting front advance rate, shortens the wetting front migration distance, decreases the permeability coefficient, and enhances the overall water retention capacity of the soil. The optimal improvement effect is observed at 6% of RHA content. By incorporating the soil-water interaction coefficient β, plasticity index Ip, and RHA content q into the traditional Green-Ampt (GA) model, the improved GA model better reflects the actual infiltration behavior of RHA-amended soil. These findings provide a reference for the application of agricultural solid waste in the green protection of expansive mudstone slopes.
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