To evaluate the data quality and positioning performance of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) in polar environments, a systematic analysis was conducted based on 14 consecutive days of observation data from polar stations of the International GNSS Service Multi-GNSS Experiment (IGS MGEX) network. The results show that in polar regions, the number of visible BDS satellites ranges from 7 to 13, and the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) of BDS outperforms that of other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The data completeness rates of BDS in the Antarctic and Arctic are approximately 87.79% and 91.29%, respectively. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in the two polar regions show little difference with a mean value of about 45 dB, and the multipath errors range from 24.58 cm to 25.38 cm. In terms of positioning performance, the BDS ionosphere-free combinations of B1C+B2a and B1I+B3I exhibit outstanding performance. Compared with the L1+L2 of the Global Positioning System (GPS), G1+G2 of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) and E1+E5a of the Galileo Satellite Navigation System, the 3D positioning accuracy of BDS B1C+B2a is improved by 6.7%, 19.6% and 18.5% in the Antarctic, and by 1.2%, 18% and 12% in the Arctic, respectively. The 3D positioning accuracy of BDS B1I+B3I is improved by 6.7%, 19.6% and 18.5% in the Antarctic, and by 14.8%, 29.3% and 24.2% in the Arctic, respectively. The convergence speed of BDS B1C+B2a is reduced by 21.5%, 25.1% and 14.5% in the Antarctic, and by 14.9%, 32.5% and 28.6% in the Arctic, compared with that of L1+L2, G1+G2 and E1+E5a, respectively. The convergence speed of BDS B1I+B3I is reduced by 26.7%, 30.1% and 20.3% in the Antarctic, and by 50.9%, 61.1% and 58.9% in the Arctic, compared with that of the above three combinations, respectively. The research conclusions provide a reference for improving the positioning accuracy in the complex polar environments.
北斗卫星导航系统完成全球组网后,相关研究多集中于陆地观测环境,对于环境条件较为恶劣的极区,主要通过仿真技术开展研究。目前,对极区不同信号观测量的特性及定位性能的研究较少[19-20]。鉴于此,本文基于多模GNSS实验(multi-GNSS experiment,MGEX)观测站数据,从可见卫星数、PDOP、定位偏差、多路径误差及信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)等方面进行分析,评估BDS在极区的精密单点定位效果,以期为提升极区复杂环境的定位精度提供参考。
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