Aiming at the problem that the parameters of feature mode decomposition (FMD) are difficult to determine adaptively in the compound fault diagnosis of rolling bearings, this study proposes a compound fault diagnosis method of rolling bearings based on FMD optimized by improved sparrow optimization algorithm (IMSSA) is proposed. By introducing sine and cosine strategy, adaptive weight parameters and nonlinear factors, the global search ability and convergence speed of the algorithm are improved. Taking the minimum envelope entropy as the objective function, IMSSA is used to adaptively optimize the modal component and filter length of FMD to obtain the optimal parameter combination and enhance the ability of FMD to extract composite fault features. The method is validated using ANSYS simulation results alongside the XJTU-SY measured dataset. The results show that this method can accurately identify the characteristic frequency of composite faults, and is superior to the traditional method in optimization efficiency and fault component salience. The research conclusions provide a reference for the efficient diagnosis of composite faults of rolling bearings.
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