青岛市中学生抑郁症状现况及影响因素分析

Status quo and influencing factors of depression among middle school students in Qingdao

摘要

目的 了解青岛市中学生的抑郁症状现况,分析其影响因素,为中学生心理健康干预及有效管理提供科学依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,于2019、2020年选取青岛市各区县7 765名中学生进行心理健康状况的问卷调查,最终纳入分析的学生有7 749名(男生4 036名,女生3 713名)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析抑郁症状的影响因素。结果 青岛市中学生抑郁症状检出率为58.21%(4 511/7 749)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高中(OR=1.65,95%CI:1.45～1.88)、女生(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.17～1.44)是抑郁症状检出的危险因素(P<0.05);职高(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.55～0.85)、新鲜水果摄入≥2次/d(OR=0.34,95%CI:0.26～0.44)、蔬菜摄入≥2次/d(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.75～0.93)、中高强度运动≥2 d/周(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.09～0.13)是抑郁症状检出的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 青岛市中学生抑郁症状检出率较高,年级、性别、新鲜水果蔬菜摄入频率、运动与抑郁症状检出相关,有必要采取更有针对性的措施以减少抑郁的发生,促进青少年健康成长。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the situation and influencing factors of depression among middle school students in Qingdao,in order to provide a scientific basis for the intervention and effective management of middle school students′mental health. Methods In 2019 and 2020,a total of 7 765 middle school students from every district of Qingdao were randomly selected into this study,and completed a questionnaire survey on the mental health status.Finally,data of 7 749 students (4 036 boys and 3 713 girls) were included in the analysis.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression. Results The detection rate of depression among middle school students in Qingdao is 58.21% (4 511/7 749).Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that high school (OR=1.65,95%CI:1.45 - 1.88),female (OR=1.30,95%CI:1.17 - 1.44) were associated with increased detection of depression (P<0.05),while vocational high school (OR=0.68,95%CI:0.55 - 0.85),intake of fresh fruit more than twice a day (OR=0.34,95%CI:0.26 - 0.44),intake of vegetable more than twice a day (OR=0.84,95%CI:0.75 - 0.93) and moderate to vigorous exercise for60min ≥2d/week (OR=0.11,95%CI:0.09 - 0.13) were protective factors for the detection of depression(P<0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of depression among middle school students in Qingdao is high.Grade,gender,frequency of fresh fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity are associated with the detection of depression.It is necessary to take more targeted measures to reduce the occurrence of depression and promote the healthy growth of adolescents.

关键词

抑郁 / 中学生 / 饮食 / 运动

Key words

depression / middle school students / diet / exercise

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基金资助

青岛市医疗卫生优秀人才培养项目(2022-2024)