脑瘫儿童营养筛查及评定的研究进展

Advances in nutritional screening and assessment in children with cerebral palsy

摘要

脑瘫儿童通常存在口咽功能障碍和喂养困难问题。以及运动障碍导致的额外消耗,易引起营养问题。脑瘫儿童营养问题不仅影响疾病预后,也间接影响其生活质量。解决营养问题需对脑瘫儿童营养状况进行及早、准确、全面的评价,而营养状况评价过程包括营养筛查及营养评定,它们分别以快捷灵敏地早期识别营养不良和全面准确地评估脑瘫儿童营养状况为目的,联系密切,又有明显区别。脑瘫综合征的临床变异性以及脑瘫儿童生长发育特异性,导致针对脑瘫儿童的营养状况评价标准化推进困难,因此成为近年研究热点。本文介绍了脑瘫儿童营养筛查与营养评定相关方法及研究进展,并分析各种方法的优缺点及关系,以期为致力于脑瘫儿童营养问题的医务工作者提供帮助。

Abstract

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are prone to nutritional problems due to their common oropharyngeal dysfunction and feeding difficulties, as well as too much consumption caused by motor dysfunction.These nutritional issues not only affect disease prognosis but also indirectly impact their quality of life.Solving the nutrition problem of children with CP depends on timely, accurate and comprehensive evaluation on their nutritional status.The process of nutritional status evaluation includes nutritional screening and nutritional assessment, which aim at rapid and sensitive early-time screening of malnutrition, or comprehensive and accurate assessment of nutritional status respectively.Nutritional screening and assessment are closely linked but still differs obviously.The clinical variability of CP and the specificity of the growth and development of CP children make it difficult to standardize their nutritional status evaluation, and this field has become a research hotspot in recent years.This review summarizes current methods and research advances in nutritional screening and evaluation for children with CP, analyzes the strengths, limitations, and interrelationships of different approaches, so as to provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals dedicated to improving the nutritional management of children with CP.

关键词

脑瘫 / 营养不良 / 营养筛查 / 营养评定

Key words

cerebral palsy / malnutrition / nutritional screening / nutritional assessment

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基金资助

出生人口健康教育部重点实验室联合安徽省妇幼保健协会2022年度母婴营养与健康研究项目(JK202211)