人际敏感性特质和情绪调节过程与中学生失眠的关系

Associations of interpersonal sensitivity and emotion regulation processes with insomnia in middle school students

摘要

目的 分析人际敏感性特质和情绪调节过程与青少年失眠的关系,初步探索内在过程和作用机制,为深入理解青少年失眠的心理机制及其干预策略的开发奠定基础。方法 2022年5月,采用方便抽样在广西某市选取3所中学的3 500名学生为研究对象进行纸质问卷填写,包括人口学资料、失眠严重程度指数、人际敏感性量表、情绪调节困难量表、广泛性焦虑量表、抑郁症筛查量表。采用SPSS AU在线统计软件,以方差分析、Pearson相关分析、结构方程模型和Bootstrap法对数据进行统计分析。结果 共回收有效问卷3 402份,其中失眠的有1 684人。有失眠的中学生人际敏感性特质总分及各维度得分(F=8.880~332.461,P＜0.001)、情绪调节过程困难总分及各维度得分(F=16.552~526.344, P<0.001)均高于无失眠的中学生。人际敏感性特质总分及各维度得分均与失眠呈正相关(r=0.083~0.349,P＜0.01);情绪调节困难总分及各维度得分均与失眠呈正相关(r=0.058~0.434,P＜0.01)。情绪调节过程困难在人际敏感性特质和失眠间存在部分中介作用,总间接效应值为0.012,效应占比为48%。结论 人际敏感性特质和情绪调节过程困难与中学生失眠密切相关,情绪调节过程困难在人际敏感性和失眠间存在部分中介作用,未来可构建中学生失眠风险预测模型,对中学生进行失眠风险评估,早期识别及干预有失眠风险的中学生,促进其心身健康发展。

Abstract

Objective To examine the associations of interpersonal sensitivity and emotion regulation difficulties with insomnia in adolescents, and to explore the underlying psychological mechanisms, so as to inform future intervention strategies. Methods In May 2022, a convenience sampling method was used to select 3 500 students from three middle schools in a city in Guangxi for the study to fill out the paper questionnaire including demographic information, Insomnia Severity Index(ISI), Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure(IPSM), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale(GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnare 9-item scale(PHQ-9).Data were analyzed using SPSS AU online statistical software with ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, Structural Equation Modeling, and Bootstrap method. Results Valid responses were obtained from 3 402 participants.Adolescents with insomnia reported significantly higher interpersonal sensitivity (total and subscale scores: F=8.880 - 332.461, P<0.001) and greater emotion regulation difficulties (total and subscale scores: F=16.552 - 526.344, P<0.001) compared to those without insomnia.Both interpersonal sensitivity (r=0.083 - 0.349, P<0.01) and emotion regulation difficulties (r=0.058 - 0.434, P<0.01) were positively correlated with insomnia severity.Mediation analysis revealed that emotion regulation difficulties partially mediated the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and insomnia,with a total indirect effect value of 0.012 and an effect share of 48%. Conclusions Interpersonal sensitivity and emotion regulation difficulties are significantly associated with adolescent insomnia, with emotion regulation difficulties playing a partial mediating role.Future studies should develop an insomnia risk prediction model for adolescents, enabling school-based risk stratification, early identification of high-risk individuals, and targeted interventions to promote psychosocial well-being.

关键词

失眠 / 人际敏感性 / 情绪调节 / 中学生 / 中介作用

Key words

insomnia / interpersonal sensitivity / emotional regulation / middle school students / mediating role

[1] de Zambotti M, Goldstone A, Colrain IM, et al.Insomnia disorder in adolescence: Diagnosis, impact, and treatment[J].Sleep Med Rev, 2018, 39:12-24.
[2] Wang D, Li Y, Fan Y, et al.Bidirectional associations between short sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and psychotic-like experiences in adolescents[J].Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2025,34(1):275-285.
[3] Masillo A, Day F, Laing J, et al.Interpersonal sensitivity in the at-risk mental state for psychosis[J].Psychol Med, 2012, 42(9):1835-1845.
[4] Li Y, Cong X, Chen S, et al.Relationships of coping styles and psychological distress among patients with insomnia disorder[J].BMC Psychiatry, 2021, 21(1):255.
[5] Dong Y, Liu F, Jiang Y, et al.Neuroticism and aggressive behavior among left-behind children: The mediating roles of interpersonal sensitivity and bullying victimization[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 19(17):11072.
[6] Baglioni C, Johann AF, Benz F, et al.Interactions between insomnia, sleep duration and emotional processes: An ecological momentary assessment of longitudinal influences combining self-report and physiological measures[J].J Sleep Res, 2024, 33(2):e14001.
[7] Xue J, Yan F, Hu T, et al.Family functioning and NSSI urges among Chinese adolescents: A three-wave chain multiple mediation model[J].J Youth Adolesc, 2025, 54(5):1128-1139.
[8] 李思迅, 王美雯, 杨燕平, 等.情绪调节与注意缺陷多动障碍患儿焦虑/抑郁症状: 社交问题的中介效应和家庭功能的调节[J].四川大学学报(医学版), 2024, 55(2):346-352.
Li SX, Wang MW, Yang YP, et al.Effect of emotion regulation on anxiety/depression symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The mediating role of social problems and the moderating role of family functioning[J].Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences), 2024, 55(2):346-352.(in Chinese)
[9] 张斌, 唐向东, 韩芳, 等.中国失眠障碍诊断和治疗指南[M].北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2016.
Zhang B, Tang XD, Han F, et al.Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia disorders in China[M].Beijing: People′s Medical Publishing House, 2016.(in Chinese)
[10] 张红玉, 栗艳, 高婷婷, 等.人际敏感量表中文版的初步修订[J].山西职工医学院学报, 2018, 28(1):13-16.
[11] 王力, 柳恒超, 杜卫, 等.情绪调节困难量表在中国人群中的初步测试[J].中国健康心理学杂志, 2007, 15(4):336-340.
Wang L, Liu HC, Du W, et al.Test of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in Chinese people[J].China Journal of Health Psychology, 2007, 15(4):336-340.(in Chinese)
[12] 丁玲, 赵楠, 丁小斌, 等.情绪调节困难量表在中国青少年中的信效度检验[J].中国健康心理学杂志, 2014, 22(3):363-366.
Ding L, Zhao N, Ding XB, et al.Reliability and validity of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Normal Scale in Chinese adolescent[J].China Journal of Health Psychology, 2014, 22(3):363-366.(in Chinese)
[13] Sun J, Liang K, Chi X, et al.Psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 item (gad-7) in a large sample of Chinese adolescents[J].Healthcare (Basel), 2021, 9(12):1709.
[14] Anum A, Adjorlolo S, Kugbey N.Depressive symptomatology in adolescents in Ghana: Examination of psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9[J].J Affect Disord, 2019, 256:213-218.
[15] 刘飒, 姜艳蕊, 林青敏, 等.上海市中学生负性情绪与失眠症状的相关研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志, 2019, 27(9):936-940.
Liu S, Jiang YR, Lin QM, et al.Association between negative emotions and insomnia symptoms in middle school students in Shanghai[J].Chin J Child Health Care, 2019, 27(9):936-940.(in Chinese)
[16] Ding X, Zhao T, Li X, et al.Exploring the relationship between trait mindfulness and interpersonal sensitivity for Chinese college students: The mediating role of negative emotions and moderating role of effectiveness/authenticity[J].Front Psychol, 2021, 12:624340.
[17] Zagaria A, Ottaviani C, Lombardo C, et al.Perseverative cognition as a mediator between perceived stress and sleep disturbance: A structural equation modeling Meta-analysis (meta-sem)[J].Ann Behav Med, 2023, 57(6):463-471.
[18] Clancy F, Prestwich A, Caperon L, et al.The association between worry and rumination with sleep in non-clinical populations: A systematic review and Meta-analysis[J].Health Psychol Rev, 2020, 14(4):427-448.
[19] Meneo D, Samea F, Tahmasian M, et al.The emotional component of insomnia disorder: A focus on emotion regulation and affect dynamics in relation to sleep quality and insomnia[J].J Sleep Res, 2023, 32(6):e13983.
[20] Otani K, Suzuki A, Matsumoto Y, et al.Close relation of interpersonal sensitivity with negative core beliefs about the self, the central construct of cognitive vulnerability to depression[J].Psychiatry Res, 2018, 263:162-165.
[21] Wang X, Öngür D, Auerbach RP, et al.Cognitive vulnerability to major depression: View from the intrinsic network and cross-network interactions[J].Harv Rev Psychiatry, 2016, 24(3):188-201.
[22] Windsor NA, Li SH, Joubert A, et al.Intrusive thoughts and images in health anxiety: Rates, characteristics, and responses[J].Clin Psychol Psychother, 2024, 31(6):e70017.
[23] Demnitz-King H, Göehre I, Marchant NL.The neuroanatomical correlates of repetitive negative thinking: A systematic review[J].Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging, 2021, 316:111353.
[24] 裴豫琦, 曹国定, 崔涛, 等.失眠症的神经生物学机制研究进展[J].中国医药导刊, 2020, 22(11):794-799.
Pei YQ, Cao GD, Cui T, et al.Research progress on the neurobiological mechanism of insomnia[J].Chinese Journal of Medical Guide, 2020, 22(11):794-799.(in Chinese)
[25] Cui L, Dong X, Zhang S.ERP evidence for emotional sensitivity in social anxiety[J].J Affect Disord, 2021, 279:361-367.
[26] Mojsa-Kaja J, Ivcevic Z.Emotion regulation strategies and mental health symptoms during COVID-19: The mediating role of insomnia[J].Int J Occup Med Environ Health, 2023, 36(1):151-159.

基金资助

川北医学院校级课题[青年项目(CBY22-QNB04)]