统计学习对儿童早期语言发育影响的研究进展

Research progress on the impact of statistical learning on early language development in children

摘要

统计学习是指人类从连续语流中提取统计信息以习得语言的能力,涉及视觉和听觉模态,与大脑特定神经机制相关。研究表明,早期统计学习能力与儿童的语音、词汇和语法习得密切相关,且孤独症谱系障碍、发育性语言障碍和发展性阅读障碍等语言障碍儿童会在统计学习方面表现出缺陷,进而导致其语言理解和表达困难。基于以往研究和临床应用,统计学习任务可作为早期筛查工具,并且,重复性语言输入、多感官参与训练等统计学习相关的干预措施也可有效提升语言障碍儿童的语言能力。本文综述了统计学习对儿童早期语言发育的影响及其在临床和儿童保健中的应用,为语言发育问题的早期识别和干预提供了科学依据,并为未来临床应用提供了参考。

Abstract

Statistical learning refers to the human capacity to extract statistical information from continuous speech streams to acquire language, involving both visual and auditory modalities and is associated with specific neural mechanisms in the brain.Research indicates that early statistical learning ability is closely linked to children's acquisition of phonology, vocabulary, and grammar.Deficits in this ability are observed in children with language impairments such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental language disorder (DLD), and developmental dyslexia (DD), contributing to difficulties in language comprehension and expression.Based on previous studies and clinical applications, statistical learning tasks can serve as early screening tools.Additionally, intervention strategies related to statistical learning, such as repetitive language input and multisensory engagement training, can effectively enhance the language abilities of children with language disorders.This article reviews the impact of statistical learning on early language development in children and its applications in clinical and child healthcare settings.It provides a scientific basis for the early identification and intervention of language development issues and offers insights for future clinical practice.

关键词

统计学习 / 儿童 / 语言发育 / 语言障碍

Key words

statistical learning / children / language development / language disorders

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基金资助

国家社会科学基金青年项目(23CYY042)