学龄前儿童健康素养评价指标体系的初步构建

Preliminary construction of an evaluation index system for health literacy among preschool children

摘要

目的 运用德尔菲法筛选深圳市学龄前儿童健康素养评价指标,为后续开发标准化评估工具奠定基础。方法 通过文献检索形成初始指标,2023年9—10月邀请21位相关专家,使用Likert 5级评分法对每个维度和条目的重要性与可操作性进行赋分。经过两轮专家咨询,对指标进行筛选与优化。结果 专家专业年限长且积极程度高,两轮专家咨询问卷回收率均高于95%,专家权威系数均大于0.9,意见较为可靠。依据专家对各条目的重要性和可操作性评分进行条目筛选,最终形成学龄前儿童健康素养评价量表,包含膳食素养、运动素养、安全素养、心理素养、基本卫生素养5个维度,共32个条目。结论 基于德尔菲法初步构建的学龄前儿童健康素养评价指标体系,具有较高的专家权威性和科学性,涵盖维度全面,可为今后深入构建标准化评估工具提供参考。

Abstract

Objective To construct an evaluation index system for health literacy among preschool children in Shenzhen using the Delphi method, in order to lay a foundation for establishing standardized evaluation tools in the future. Methods Based on a literature review, an initial indicator pool was developed.From September to October 2023, twenty-one experts from relevant fields were invited to conduct two rounds of consultation.The importance and feasibility of each dimension and item were scored using a 5-point Likert scale.Indicators were screened and optimized based on the results of the expert consultations. Results The experts had extensive professional experience and high engagement levels.The response rates for both rounds of questionnaires exceeded 95%, indicating a high level of expert engagement.The expert authority coefficients (Cr) were all greater than 0.90, suggesting high reliability of the opinions.The final evaluation index system for preschool children's health literacy consisted of 5 dimensions: dietary literacy, exercise literacy, safety literacy, psychological literacy (including interpersonal interaction), and basic hygiene literacy, comprising a total of 32 items. Conclusions The evaluation index system for health literacy among preschool children, preliminarily constructed based on the Delphi method, demonstrates high expert authority and scientific rigor.It covers comprehensive dimensions and provides a reference basis for the development of subsequent monitoring tools and related intervention research.

关键词

德尔菲法 / 学龄前儿童 / 健康素养

Key words

Delphi method / preschool children / health literacy

[1] 白媛媛,王焕倩,昝子晴,等.儿童青少年健康素养评估工具的研究进展[J].中国健康教育,2021,37(9):838-841.
Bai YY, Wang HQ, Zan ZQ, et al.Review of health literacy and its evaluation methods for chidren and adolescents[J].Chinese Journal of Health Education, 2021,37(9):838-841.(in Chinese)
[2] 罗安斐,莫淳淇,陈招弟,等.深圳市龙华区学龄前儿童健康素养促进策略和效果研究[J].中国健康教育,2022,38(3):284-287.
Luo AF, Mo CQ, Chen ZD, et al. Promotion strategy and its effect on preschool children's health literacy in Longhua District,Shenzhen[J].Chinese Journal of Health Education, 2022, 38(3):284-287.(in Chinese)
[3] 张伶俐,万孝先,罗珍胄.学龄前儿童家长健康素养状况及影响因素分析[J].实用预防医学,2021,28(1):40-43.
Zhang LL, Wan XX, Luo ZZ. Status of health literacy and its influencing factors among parents of preschool children[J]. Pract Prev Med, 2021, 28(1):40-43.(in Chinese)
[4] 李萍,朱小波,刘金祥.看护人健康素养和社会资本对学龄前儿童健康危险行为的影响[J].实用预防医学,2022,29(3):340-343.
Li P, Zhu XB, Liu JX. Effect of caregivers' health literacy and social capital on health risk behavior of preschoolers[J]. Pract Prev Med, 2022, 29(3):340-343.(in Chinese)
[5] 闫春晓,冯文.家长传染病健康素养对儿童预防接种行为的影响研究[J].中国卫生产业,2020,17(6):184-186.
Yan CX, Feng W.The effect of parental infectious disease health literacy on children's vaccination behavior[J].China Health Industry, 2020, 17(6):184-186.(in Chinese)
[6] Ono S, Ogi H, Ogawa M, et al.Relationship between parents' health literacy and children's sleep problems in Japan[J].BMC Public health, 2021, 21(1):791.
[7] Lawrence PR, Feinberg I, Spratling R.The relationship of parental health literacy to health outcomes of children with medical complexity[J].J Pediatr Nurs,2021, 60:65-70.
[8] 白一帆,李敏,艾浩楠,等.基于德尔菲法构建学龄前儿童中医体质类型及定义指标[J].中医杂志,2021,62(12):1027-1031.
Bai YF, Li M, Ai HN, et al. Types and definitionsof traditional Chinese medicine consitutions of preschool children based on Delphi method[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2021,62(12):1027-1031.(in Chinese)
[9] Tong Y, Wu Y, Han Z, et al.Development and validation of the Health Literacy Environment Scale for Chinese hospitals from patients' perspective[J].Front Public Health,2023,11:1130628.
[10] Chen S, Cao M, Zhang J,et al.Development of the health literacy assessment instrument for chronic pain patients: A Delphi study [J].Nurs Open,2023,10(4):2192-2202.

基金资助

庄润森,E-mail: [e-mail]