照护者顺应喂养潜在剖面分析及与幼儿社会情绪能力间的关系

Latent profile analysis of caregiver responsive feeding practices and the relationship with social-emotional development of toddlers

摘要

目的 分析照护者顺应喂养的潜在类别,并探讨其与幼儿社会情绪能力发展的关系,为改善照护者顺应喂养水平,提高幼儿社会情绪能力提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法于2024年11月—2025年3月选取青岛市2所三甲医院儿保科进行健康体验的310名幼儿主要照护者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、照护者顺应喂养量表及幼儿社会情绪能力评估量表作为调查工具,以照护者顺应喂养量表的3个维度作为外显指标进行潜在剖面分析,通过单因素分析、多元logistic回归分析识别不同剖面照护者的影响因素,采用单因素方差分析探讨不同类别幼儿的社会情绪能力发展差异。结果 照护者的顺应喂养可分为低顺应-低互动喂养组49例(15.8%)、中顺应喂养组192例(61.9%)、高顺应-高互动喂养组69例(22.3%)。祖辈为主要照护者更可能进入低顺应-低互动喂养组(OR=4.779,95%CI:2.164~10.553,P<0.001),进入高顺应-高互动组的可能较小(OR=0.393,95%CI:0.180~0.856,P＜0.05);城市家庭的照护者更可能进入高顺应-高互动喂养组(OR=2.976,95%CI:1.354~6.540,P=0.007)。不同类别的幼儿社会情绪能力总分及依从性、注意力、求精动机、移情、亲社会的同伴关系5个维度得分差异有统计学意义(F＝6.253～47.834,P＜0.01)。结论 照护者顺应喂养水平存在明显的异质性,不同类别的幼儿社会情绪能力发展存在差异。儿童保健人员应针对顺应喂养的异质性采取针对性的干预策略,帮助照护者提升顺应喂养水平从而促进幼儿社会情绪能力发展。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the latent profiles of responsive feeding among caregivers of toddlers and their relationship with children's social-emotional development, so as to provide a reference for improving caregivers' responsive feeding practices and enhancing toddlers' social-emotional competence. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 310 primary caregivers of toddlers from the child healthcare departments of two tertiary hospitals in Qingdao between November 2024 and March 2025.The General Information Questionnaire, Caregiver Responsive Feeding Scale, and Infant-Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment were used as survey tools. Latent profile analysis was performed using the three dimensions of the Caregiver Responsive Feeding Scale as indicators. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify factors influencing caregiver profiles, while one-way ANOVA was used to examine differences in toddlers' social-emotional development across different categories. Results Caregivers' responsive feeding patterns were classified into three groups: a low responsiveness-low interaction feeding group (49, 15.8%), a moderate-responsiveness feeding group (192, 61.9%), and a high responsiveness-high interaction feeding group (69, 22.3%). Caregivers who were grandparents were significantly more likely to be classified into the low-responsiveness-low-interaction feeding group (OR=4.779, 95% CI: 2.164~10.553,P<0.001) and less likely to be classified into the high-responsiveness-high-interaction group (OR=0.393, 95% CI: 0.180~0.856, P<0.05). Caregivers from urban families were more likely to belong to the high-responsiveness-high-interaction feeding group (OR=2.976, 95% CI: 1.354~6.540, P=0.007). Significant differences were observed among feeding pattern groups in total social-emotional competence scores and in five specific domains—compliance, attention, mastery motivation, empathy, and prosocial peer relations (F=6.253~47.834, P<0.01). Conclusions There is marked heterogeneity in caregivers' levels of responsive feeding, accompanied by differences in social-emotional development across groups of young children. Child healthcare professionals should implement targeted intervention strategies tailored to the heterogeneous characteristics of responsive feeding, supporting caregivers in improving responsive feeding practices and thereby promoting children's social-emotional development.

关键词

顺应喂养 / 社会情绪能力 / 潜在剖面分析 / 潜在类别 / 幼儿

Key words

responsive feeding / social and emotional abilities / latent profile analysis / latent class / toddlers

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基金资助

青岛市医疗卫生重点学科建设项目(2025-2027年)