1~3岁幼儿社会情绪能力的影响因素与作用路径分析

Influencing factors and pathways of the social-emotional competence of children aged 1 - 3 years

摘要

目的 分析1~3岁幼儿社会情绪能力的影响因素及作用路径,为促进儿童社会情绪发展提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2022年12月—2023年9月选取在山东省千佛山医院和济南市妇幼保健院儿童保健门诊进行常规体检的408名1~3岁幼儿为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、育儿压力量表简表、回应性照护量表、幼儿社会情绪评估量表进行问卷调查。采用随机森林算法进行变量重要性排序,多元线性回归分析影响因素,结构方程模型探讨潜在中介效应。结果 幼儿社会情绪能力得分为(56.35±10.11)分。随机森林分析显示,重要性排名前两位的变量为回应性照护和育儿压力。多元线性回归分析显示,回应性照护与幼儿社会情绪能力呈正相关(β=0.413,P<0.05),育儿压力与幼儿社会情绪能力呈负相关(β=-0.173,P<0.05);此外,幼儿月龄(β=0.104)、母亲受教育水平(β=0.089)与幼儿社会情绪能力呈正相关(P<0.05)。结构方程模型表明,回应性照护在育儿压力与幼儿社会情绪能力间具有部分中介作用,中介效应为-0.248(95%CI:-0.327~-0.184),占总效应61.85%。结论 母亲回应性照护和育儿压力是1~3岁幼儿社会情绪能力的主要影响因素,且回应性照护在育儿压力与社会情绪能力间起中介作用。应关注母亲心理状态与养育行为,通过提供育儿支持、强化回应性照护技能,促进儿童社会情绪能力发展。

Abstract

Objective To identify the factors influencing social-emotional competence in children aged 1 - 3 years and elucidate the underlying pathways, so as to provide evidence for targeted interventions to promote early childhood development. Methods A convenience sample of 408 children aged 1 - 3 years was recruited from the Department of Child Healthcare at Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital and Jinan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between December 2022 and September 2023.Parents of the participants completed a general information questionnaire, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), the Responsive Caregiving Scale, and the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA).Random forest algorithm was employed to rank variable importance, multiple linear regression was used to identify significant predictors, and structural equation modeling was used to examine mediating effects. Results The mean score for children's social-emotional competence was 56.35±10.11.Random forest analysis identified responsive caregiving and parenting stress as the top two predictors.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that responsive caregiving (β=0.413) was positively associated with social-emotional competence(P<0.05), while parenting stress (β=-0.173) showed a negative association (P<0.05).Child's age in months (β=0.104) and maternal education level (β=0.089) were also positively associated with social-emotional competence (P<0.05).The structural equation model demonstrated that responsive caregiving partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and social-emotional competence, with an indirect effect of -0.248 (95%CI:-0.327 - -0.184), accounting for 61.85% of the total effect. Conclusions Maternal responsive caregiving and parenting stress are primary determinants of social-emotional competence in children aged 1 - 3 years, with responsive caregiving serving as a significant mediator in the relationship between parenting stress and developmental outcomes.Interventions targeting maternal mental health and parenting behaviors, like providing parenting support, and enhancing responsive caregiving skills, may effectively promote children's social-emotional development.

关键词

社会情绪能力 / 育儿压力 / 回应性照护 / 随机森林算法 / 幼儿

Key words

social-emotional competence / parenting stress / responsive caregiving / random forest model / toddlers

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基金资助

山东省自然科学基金(ZR2025MS1448);山东省社科基金规划研究项目(24CSHJ05)