乌鲁木齐市米东区中小学生近视流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Midong District, Urumqi City

摘要

目的 调查乌鲁木齐市米东区中小学生近视流行病学特点,分析相关影响因素,为制定相应策略提供依据。方法 2024年11月,采用分层整群抽样法选取米东区11所中小学13 548名6～18岁在校生开展视力与屈光筛查,计算等效球镜度(SE)。近视判定为裸眼视力＜5.0且SE>-0.50 D,高度近视判定为SE>-6.00 D(以任一眼满足标准判定)。采用χ²检验比较不同组别近视率差异,采用多因素logistic回归分析近视及高度近视的影响因素。结果 共检出近视7 249例,近视率为53.51%;高度近视180例,高度近视率为1.33%。女生近视率高于男生(54.78% vs. 52.33%),高中生近视率最高(90.39%),乡镇学生近视率高于市区学生(57.42% vs. 50.64%), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。多因素logistic回归显示,与小学生相比,初中生和高中生近视风险更高(OR=1.610、15.950),乡镇学生近视风险更高(OR=1.999);与汉族相比,维吾尔族和回族学生近视风险更高(OR=1.329、1.151),哈萨克族学生近视风险更低(OR=0.723)(P＜0.001)。高度近视风险随年级升高而增加(初中OR=6.343,高中OR=24.407,P＜0.001)。结论 乌鲁木齐市米东区中小学生近视流行水平较高,高度近视比例虽低但随年级显著升高。应重点关注初高中学生及乡镇地区学生,强化综合干预与分层防控,以降低近视及高度近视风险。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Midong District, Urumqi, and to identify the associated factors, so as to provide a basis for formulating corresponding strategies. Methods In November 2024, a stratified cluster sampling design was used to recruit 13 548 students aged 6 - 18 years from 11 primary and secondary schools.Visual acuity and non-cycloplegic refraction were assessed, and spherical equivalent (SE) was calculated.Myopia was defined as unaided visual acuity<5.0 and SE>-0.50 D, and high myopia as SE>-6.00 D (classified as positive if either eye met the criterion).Group differences were compared using the chi-square test.Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with myopia and high myopia. Results A total of 7 249 students were identified with myopia (53.51%), including 180 with high myopia (1.33%).Myopia prevalence was higher in girls than in boys (54.78% vs. 52.33%), was highest in senior high school students (90.39%), and was higher in township schools than in urban schools (57.42% vs. 50.64%), the differences were significant (P<0.05).In multivariate analysis, compared with primary school students, the risk of myopia were significantly higher among junior high school students (OR=1.610) and senior high school students (OR=15.950), and higher among township students (OR=1.999). Compared with Han students, Uygur and Hui students had a higher risk of myopia (OR=1.329,1.151), whereas Kazakh students had a lower risk of mlyopia (OR=0.723)(P<0.001).The risk of high myopia increased with grade level (junior high school: OR=6.343; senior high school: OR=24.407, P<0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Midong District is high.Although high myopia is relatively uncommon, its risk rose sharply with grade level.Targeted, tiered prevention and control strategies are warranted, especially for junior/senior high school students and those in township areas.

关键词

中小学生 / 近视 / 民族

Key words

primary and secondary school students / myopia / ethnicity

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基金资助

自治区卫生健康委员会 “天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划-领军人才(TSYC202301A082)