运动干预对孤独症儿童运动能力影响的研究进展

Advance in the effects of exercise interventions on motor skills in children with autism spectrum disorder

摘要

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童常表现出运动能力不足的问题,进而影响其日常活动,限制社交和认知能力的发展。本研究系统综述了不同类型的运动对ASD儿童运动能力的改善效果。纳入的干预方式包括体育活动、综合体能训练、水上运动、瑜伽、太极、运动游戏和马术。结果表明,各类运动干预均能有效促进ASD儿童的运动能力,包括粗大与精细运动技能,以及力量、平衡、耐力等体能素质。综合体能训练和水上运动对粗大运动技能的提升效果尤为显著;瑜伽、太极和马术对改善精细运动技能更有效。此外,无论是哪种运动类型,均能够有效提升ASD儿童的体能水平,促进体能发展。

Abstract

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly show motor deficits that impair daily functioning and constrain social and cognitive development.This review summarizes the effects of exercise interventions—physical activity, comprehensive fitness training, aquatic exercise, yoga, Tai Chi, exergaming, and equestrian activities—on motor ability in children with ASD.Results indicate that various forms of exercise interventions can effectively enhance motor skills in children with ASD, including both gross and fine motor skills, as well as physical fitness components such as strength, balance, and endurance.Integrated physical fitness training and aquatic exercises show particularly significant improvements in gross motor skills, while yoga, Tai Chi, and equestrian therapy are more effective in enhancing fine motor skills.Furthermore, regardless of the type, all exercise interventions contribute positively to improving physical fitness levels and promoting overall physical development in children with ASD.

关键词

孤独症谱系障碍 / 运动干预 / 运动能力 / 粗大运动技能 / 精细运动技能 / 体能

Key words

autism spectrum disorder / motor intervention / motor ability / gross motor skills / fine motor skills / physical fitness

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基金资助

中青年领军人才培育项目(1253200042);北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2020年度课题(CEDB2020160)