学龄前儿童焦虑症状与课外体育运动时长的相关性研究

Association between after-school physical exercise duration and anxiety symptoms among preschool children

摘要

目的 探讨学龄前儿童焦虑症状与课外体育运动时长的相关性,为基于课外体育运动的学龄前儿童焦虑防控提供科学依据。方法 采用横断面调查研究,于2024年4—6月选取上海市闵行区2所公立幼儿园共1 786名在读儿童,由家长填写课外体育运动基本信息并完成Spence学前儿童焦虑量表(PAS)进行调查研究。结果 共获得1 590份有效问卷。被调查的学龄前儿童的平均年龄症状(4.58±0.86)岁,男女比例为1.09∶1,学龄前儿童焦虑症状筛查阳性率为2.14%。单因素方差分析提示不同课外体育运动时长的儿童在PAS总分、躯体伤害恐惧、社交恐惧和强迫-冲动障碍方面差异有统计学意义(F＝2.85、2.57、2.67、3.35,P<0.05)。混合线性随机截距模型分析提示,每周≥180min的课外体育运动时长与PAS总分(β=-2.97, 95%CI: -5.43~-0.52)、躯体伤害恐惧评分(β=-1.07, 95%CI: -1.83~-0.30)、社交恐惧评分(β=-0.90, 95%CI: -1.65~-0.15)和强迫-冲动障碍评分(β=-0.42, 95%CI: -0.82~-0.03)呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论 学龄前儿童课外体育运动时长与焦虑症状呈显著负相关。建议家长和社会重视学龄前儿童规律性课外体育运动的开展并关注运动时长,以降低儿童焦虑风险,促进其早期心理健康发展。

Abstract

Objective To explore the correlation between anxiety symptoms and the duration of after-school physical exercise in preschool children, in order to provide a scientific basis for preventing anxiety in preschool children. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to June 2024.A total of 1 786 children from two public kindergartens in Minhang District, Shanghai, were included.Parents were invited to complete the basic information of after-school physical exercise and the Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale (Preschool Anxiety Scale, PAS) for the survey. Results Finally, 1 590 valid questionnaires were obtained.The average age of the participants was (4.58±0.86) years old, with male-to-female ratio of 1.09∶1.The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in preschool children was 2.14%.One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in total PAS score, fears of physical injury, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder among children with different durations of after-school physical exercise (F=2.85, 2.57, 2.67, 3.35, P<0.05).Linear mixed effects model analysis showed that the duration of after-school physical exercise of ≥180 min per week was significantly negatively correlated with the total PAS score (β=-2.97, 95%CI: -5.43 - -0.52), fears of physical injury score (β=-1.07, 95%CI: -1.83 - -0.30), social phobia score(β=-0.90, 95%CI: -1.65 - -0.15), and obsessive compulsive disorder score (β=-0.42, 95%CI: -0.82 - -0.03). Conclusions There is a significant negative correlation between anxiety symptoms and the duration of after-school physical exercise among preschool children.Parents and society should emphasize regular after-school physical exercise in preschool children, with particular attention to duration, to reduce the risk of anxiety symptoms and promote early mental health development.

关键词

课外体育运动 / 学龄前儿童 / 焦虑症状 / Spence学前儿童焦虑量表

Key words

after-school physical exercise / preschool children / anxiety symptoms / Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale

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基金资助

复旦大学附属闵行医院闵行新苗(2024MHXM06);复旦大学附属闵行医院闵行培优(2024MHPY09);“复旦-闵行”健康联合体合作项目(2024FM03);上海市体育局全民健身计划项目(25Q002)