张家港市学龄前儿童发育性协调障碍现况及相关因素分析

Prevalence and associated factors of developmental coordination disorder among preschool children in Zhangjiagang City

摘要

目的 了解张家港市学龄前儿童发育性协调障碍(DCD)的现状及相关影响因素,为儿童DCD的早期识别干预提供依据。方法 2024年5—6月采用分层随机整群抽样,抽取张家港市13所幼儿园1 391例3~6岁学龄前儿童进行调查,通过小龄儿童发育性协调障碍问卷(little DCDQ)评估儿童运动协调能力,采用0~6岁儿童家庭养育环境量表、学龄前儿童饮食行为量表分别评估养育环境和饮食行为。采用多因素有序logistic回归分析DCD的影响因素。结果 张家港市学龄前儿童DCD异常及疑似检出率分别为4.82% 和7.84%。学龄前儿童DCD的患病风险,随着年龄增长(OR=0.574, 95%CI: 0.429~0.767)、主动进食能力的提高(OR=0.484, 95%CI:0.355~0.659 )而降低(P<0.001);情感温暖较差(OR=2.711, 95%CI: 1.234~5.956)、活动多样性较差与一般(较差:OR=9.300, 95%CI: 3.303~26.183;一般:OR=1.769,95%CI:1.100~2.843)、环境气氛较差与一般(较差:OR=4.244, 95%CI: 2.206~8.164;一般:OR=3.456,95%CI:1.413~8.452)及情绪性进食(OR=1.544,95%CI: 1.145~2.081)可增加其患病风险(P<0.05)。结论 张家港市学龄前儿童DCD的整体检出率偏高。儿童DCD发病与年龄、饮食行为及家庭养育环境等多种因素有关,可通过改善家庭环境及儿童饮食行为降低儿童DCD的风险。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) among preschool children in Zhangjiagang City, and to identify associated influencing factors, so as to provide evidence for early identification and intervention. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was employed to recruit 1 391 preschool children (aged 3–6 years) from 13 kindergartens in Zhangjiagang City between May and June 2024. Motor coordination was assessed using the little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (little DCDQ). The 0 - 6 Years Child Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire (CHNEQ) and the Preschooler's Eating Behavior Scale (PEBS) were used to evaluate family environment and dietary behaviors, respectively. Multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing DCD status. Results The prevalence rates of abnormal DCD and suspected DCD were 4.82% and 7.84%, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that older age(OR=0.574, 95%CI: 0.429–0.767) and higher independent eating ability scores(OR=0.484, 95%CI: 0.355–0.659 ) were protective factors associated with a reduced risk of DCD(P<0.001). Conversely, risk factors included poor emotional warmth (OR=2.711, 95%CI:1.234–5.956), limited activity diversity (average:OR=1.769, 95%CI: 1.100 - 2.843; poor: OR=9.300, 95%CI: 3.303–26.183), unfavorable home atmosphere(average: OR=3.456, 95%CI: 1.413 - 8.452; poor: OR=4.244, 95%CI: 2.206–8.164), and emotional eating(OR=1.544,95%CI: 1.145–2.081)(P<0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of DCD among preschool children in Zhangjiagang City is relatively high. DCD status is significantly associated with age, dietary behaviors, and the family nurturing environment. Interventions focusing on improving family environments and fostering healthy eating habits may benefit children at risk.

关键词

发育性协调障碍 / 学龄前儿童 / 影响因素

Key words

developmental coordination disorder / preschool children / influencing factors

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基金资助

张家港市科技计划项目(ZKYL2323);张家港市科技计划项目(ZKYL2320)