母乳喂养与自身免疫性疾病关联的机制研究进展

Advances in the mechanisms underlying the association between breastfeeding and autoimmune diseases

摘要

母乳喂养的健康益处远超基础营养,其降低儿童自身免疫性疾病风险的作用备受关注。母乳中丰富的免疫调节成分,包括抗体、乳铁蛋白、细胞因子以及对新生儿微生物群的塑造,共同促进了免疫系统的成熟与耐受平衡。深入理解母乳喂养的免疫保护角色,不仅为揭示自身免疫性疾病病因提供了新视角,也为制定有效的初级预防公共卫生策略奠定了关键理论基础。本综述系统阐述了母乳喂养对类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮等自身免疫性疾病的保护作用及相关机制,对未来研究方向进行了展望。

Abstract

The health benefits of breastfeeding extend far beyond basic nutrition, and its potential role in reducing the risk of autoimmune diseases in children has attracted increasing attention.Breast milk contains a wide range of immunomodulatory components, including antibodies, lactoferrin, cytokines, and shapes the neonatal microbiome, collectively promoting immune maturation and the development of balanced immune tolerance.This review examines the protective mechanisms of breastfeeding against autoimmune diseases and outlines future research directions.A deeper understanding of the immune-protective role of breastfeeding will not only provide new insights into the etiology of autoimmune diseases, but also lay an important theoretical foundation for developing effective primary prevention and public health strategies.This review summarizes the protective effects of breastfeeding against autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and discusses the underlying mechanisms.

关键词

母乳喂养 / 自身免疫性疾病 / 保护机制 / 免疫调节

Key words

breastfeeding / autoimmune diseases / protective mechanisms / immunomodulation

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基金资助

吴阶平医学基金会科研项目(320.6750.2023-24-3);甘肃省自然科学基金(23JRRA0977)