成都市0~3岁婴幼儿家庭照护质量现状及影响因素分析

Current status and influencing factors of family caregiving quality for infants and toddlers aged 0–3 years in Chengdu

摘要

目的 评估0~3岁婴幼儿家庭照护质量,分析相关影响因素,为提升家庭照护能力提供科学依据。方法 采用方便抽样方法,用自行设计的《家庭婴幼儿照护质量评估量表》对2024年3—4月在成都市10所社区卫生服务中心就诊的2 901名婴幼儿主要照护者进行调查。采用单因素分析和多元线性回归分析照护质量的影响因素。结果 2 901名主要照护者的照护质量总分为(141.14±16.79)分,条目均分为(2.61±0.32)分,其中安全照护条目均分最低,为(2.47±0.41)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,男童(B=-1.837,95%CI:-3.035~-0.638)、年龄(0~12月龄:B=3.692,95%CI:2.294～5.090)、是否小于胎龄儿(是:B=-3.419,95%CI:-6.078~-0.760;不清楚:B=-3.849,95%CI:-6.200~-1.498)、新生儿期患疾病/感染情况(B=-3.369,95%CI:-5.299~-1.438)、城镇户籍(B=1.551,95%CI:0.299～2.803)、家庭年收入(6～<10万:B=2.468,95%CI:0.951～3.985;10～<20万:B=4.320,95%CI:2.560～6.081;20～<30万:B=4.653,95%CI:2.131～7.175;≥30万:B=4.693,95%CI:1.963～7.423)、主要照护者类型(祖辈:B=-4.292,95%CI:-5.758~-2.826;其他:B=-2.900,95%CI:-5.716~-0.083)是0~3岁婴幼儿家庭照护质量总分的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 目前成都市0~3岁婴幼儿家庭照护质量尚可,但婴幼儿安全照护能力亟待提升,应针对男童、高危儿、农村家庭及隔代照护等重点人群,开展更加科学有效的健康教育,进一步提高家庭照护质量,保障婴幼儿健康成长。

Abstract

Objective To assess the current status of family caregiving quality for infants and toddlers aged 0–3 years, and to identify associated factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for enhancing family caregiving capabilities. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2024 among 2 901 primary caregivers of infants and toddlers from 10 community health centers in Chengdu using convenience sampling.Data were collected using the self-designed Family Infant and Toddler Care Quality Assessment Scale.Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were employed to analyze factors associated with caregiving quality. Results The mean total caregiving quality score was 141.14±16.79, with a mean item score of 2.61±0.32.Among dimensions, safety care had the lowest mean item score of 2.47±0.41.Multiple linear regression analysis identified the following factors as significant predictors of the total family caregiving quality score for infants and toddlers aged 0 - 3 years: infant/toddler sex(male:B=-1.837, 95%CI:-3.035 to -0.638), age group (0 - 12 months:B=3.692, 95%CI:2.294 to 5.090), small-for-gestational-age status (yes: B=-3.419, 95%CI:-6.078 to -0.760; unsure: B=-3.849, 95%CI:-6.200 to -1.498), history of neonatal infection (B=-3.369, 95%CI:-5.299 to -1.438), urban household registration (B=1.551, 95%CI: 0.299 to 2.803), annual household income(60 000 - <100 000CNY: B=2.468, 95% CI: 0.951 to 3.985;100 000 - <200 000 CNY: B=4.320, 95%CI: 2.560 to 6.081; 200 000 - <300 000 CNY: B=4.653, 95%CI: 2.131 to 7.175;≥300 000 CNY: B=4.693, 95% CI: 1.963 to 7.423), and primary caregiver type(grandparents: B=-4.292, 95%CI:-5.758 to -2.826; others: B=-2.900, 95%CI:-5.716 to -0.083)(P<0.05). Conclusions The family caregiving quality for infants and toddlers aged 0~3 years in Chengdu is generally acceptable.However, safety caregiving capabilities require urgent improvement.Targeted health education programs should be implemented for key populations, including male infants, high-risk infants, rural families, and grandparent caregivers, so as to further enhance caregiving quality and ensure healthy development of infants and young children.

关键词

0~3岁婴幼儿 / 家庭照护 / 照护质量

Key words

infants and young children aged 0 - 3 years / family caregiving / caregiving quality

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基金资助

成都市卫生健康委员会医学科研课题(2023011)