青少年心理健康素养现状及与心理健康的相关性

The status of mental health literacy and its association with mental health among adolescents

摘要

目的 调查青少年心理健康素养现状,分析影响因素及与心理健康的关系,为优化青少年心理健康教育提供依据。方法 2023年12月—2024年4月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,使用一般资料调查表、青少年心理健康素养评定量表(AMHLAQ)、家庭功能评定量表(FAD)、一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)对上海市闵行区三所中学六年级至高三共1 239名青少年进行调查。采用多元线性回归分析心理健康素养的影响因素,以Pearson相关分析探究心理健康素养与心理健康的相关性。结果 青少年心理健康素养总分为(82.34±10.88)分,素养良好者仅占24.21%。多元线性回归分析显示,学段(β＝0.065)、性别(β＝0.153)、班级职务(β＝0.069)、接受健康教育(β＝0.076)、问题解决(β＝0.082)、角色(β＝0.102)、行为控制(β＝0.087)及总体功能(β＝0.172)均与心理健康素养评分呈正相关(P＜0.05)。青少年总体心理健康得分为(12.33±7.21)分。心理健康素养总分与一般健康问卷得分呈负相关(r＝-0.164,P＜0.01),心理健康素养的识别维度与一般健康问卷得分呈正相关(r＝0.067,P＜0.05),知识、态度、行为维度与一般健康问卷得分呈负相关(r＝-0.164、-0.104、-0.268,P＜0.01),相关强度均较弱。结论 上海市闵行区青少年心理健康素养整体偏低,建议通过分类干预和家庭支持,提升其心理健康素养,提高心理健康水平。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the level of mental health literacy (MHL) among adolescents, to identify associated factors, and to examine its association with mental health, so as to provide evidence for improving adolescent mental health education. Methods From December 2023 to April 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 1 239 adolescents (Grades 6 - 12) from three secondary schools in Minhang District, Shanghai. Participants completed the general information questionnaire, Adolescent Mental Health Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (AMHLAQ), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with MHL, and Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationship between MHL and mental health. Results The mean MHL score was 82.34±10.88, and 24.21% of participants had good MHL.Multiple linear regression revealed that grade level (β=0.065), gender (β=0.153), class position (β=0.069), receipt of mental health education (β=0.076), problem solving (β=0.082), role (β=0.102), behavior control (β=0.087), and overall functioning (β=0.172) were all positively associated with MHL(P<0.05).The overall mental health score among adolescents was 12.33±7.21.Total MHL was negatively correlated with GHQ-12 scores (r=-0.164, P<0.01). Specifically, the recognition dimension of MHL was positively correlated with GHQ-12 scores(r=0.067, P<0.05), while knowledge, attitude, and behavior dimensions were negatively correlated with GHQ-12 scores (r=-0.164, -0.104, -0.268, P<0.01). Conclusions Adolescent MHL in Minhang District, Shanghai remains relatively low. It is recommended that mental health literacy be enhanced and mental health standards improved through categorised interventions and family support.

关键词

心理健康素养 / 心理健康 / 青少年

Key words

mental health literacy / mental health / adolescents

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基金资助

复旦大学护理学院课题(FNSF202402)