1 935例学龄前儿童足底压力筛查分析

Screening analysis of plantar pressure in 1 935 preschool children

摘要

目的 调查北京市通州区托幼机构学龄前儿童足底压力分布特点,评估学龄前儿童扁平足、高弓足检出率,为预防扁平足提供临床依据。方法 于2024年对北京市通州区8所托幼机构1 935例4~6岁学龄前儿童进行足底筛查,比较不同足型儿童性别、家族史、年龄、地区、体质量指数(BMI)、每日课外活动时长的差异,采用多元logistic回归方法分析足型的影响因素。结果 扁平足检出率为19.8%,高弓足的检出率为3.9%。多元logistic回归分析表明,BMI升高(OR=1.113,95%CI:1.057~1.172)、低年龄(以6岁为参照,4岁:OR=2.223,95%CI:1.599~3.091;5岁:OR=1.377,95%CI:1.027~1.847)、课外活动<2h/d (OR=3.271,95%CI:2.501~4.280)以及有家族史(OR=1.494,95%CI:1.108~2.016)为扁平足发生危险因素;对于高弓足,BMI降低(OR=0.701,95%CI:0.606~0.810)、课外活动<2h/d(OR=5.532,95%CI:3.272~9.352)、有家族史(OR=9.118,95%CI:4.852~17.135)是其危险因素,而乡村地区(OR=0.373,95%CI:0.215~0.646)是其保护因素。结论 BMI偏高、课外活动时长偏少儿童更容易出现扁平足,课外活动时长偏少也容易导致高弓足。学龄前儿童应加强足底肌肉功能锻炼,保持适宜体重,以降低扁平足及高弓足的发生风险。

Abstract

Objective To investigate plantar pressure distribution patterns in preschool children attending childcare institutions in Tongzhou District, Beijing, and to estimate the detection rates of flatfoot and high-arched foot, so as to provide clinical evidence for flatfoot prevention. Methods In 2024, a plantar pressure screening was conducted among 1 935 preschool children aged 4 - 6 years from eight childcare institutions in Tongzhou District, Beijing.Differences in sex, family history, age, region, body mass index (BMI), and daily extracurricular physical activity duration were compared across foot types.Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with foot type. Results The detection rates of flatfoot and high-arched foot were 19.8% and 3.9%, respectively.Higher BMI (OR=1.113, 95%CI: 1.057 - 1.172), younger age (reference: 6 years old; 4 years old: OR=2.223, 95%CI: 1.599 - 3.091; 5 years old: OR=1.377, 95%CI: 1.027 - 1.847),<2 h/d of extracurricular physical activity (OR=3.271, 95%CI: 2.501 - 4.280), and family history (OR=1.494, 95%CI: 1.108 - 2.016) were risk factors for flatfoot.For high-arched foot, lower BMI (OR=0.701, 95%CI: 0.606 - 0.810), <2 h/d of extracurricular physical activity (OR=5.532, 95%CI: 3.272 - 9.352), and family history (OR=9.118, 95%CI: 4.852 - 17.135) were risk factors, whereas rural residence was a protective factor (OR=0.373, 95%CI: 0.215 - 0.646). Conclusions Preschool children with higher BMI and shorter extracurricular physical activity time are more likely to have flatfoot, and insufficient extracurricular physical activity is also associated with a higher likelihood of high-arched foot. Strengthening plantar muscle function and maintaining an appropriate body weight may help reduce the risk of flatfoot and high-arched foot in preschool children.

关键词

学龄前儿童 / 足底压力测试 / 扁平足 / 高弓足

Key words

preschool children / plantar pressure test / flatfoot / high-arched foot

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基金资助

北京市通州区科技计划项目(KJ2024CX037)