义乌市婴幼儿父母养育实践能力现况及影响因素

Current status and influencing factors of parental nurturing care practice in parents of infants and toddlers in Yiwu City

摘要

目的 分析义乌市婴幼儿父母养育实践能力现状并探索其影响因素,为制定提升养育水平的针对性干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用横断面研究,于2024年10月1日—12月31日通过方便抽样法,在义乌市14家社区卫生服务中心招募陪同6岁以下儿童进行常规健康检查的父母,共纳入研究对象3 623例。采用婴幼儿家长养育照护实践自评问卷(C-NCPQ)评估养育实践能力。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验对问卷得分进行单因素分析,采用多因素线性回归探索父母养育实践能力的影响因素。结果 父母养育实践总分为94(73,105)分。各维度中,回应性照护维度得分最高[18(11,20)分],健康护理维度[14(12,16)分]和安全保障维度[14(11,16)分]得分最低。多元线性回归分析显示,父亲年龄较高(β=0.23)、家庭月收入≥10 000元(β=2.67~6.91)为养育实践得分的促进因素(P<0.05);浙江省外户籍(β=-3.25)、其他家庭结构(β=-7.16)、父亲职业为军人(β=-7.14),母亲职业为工人、军人或农民(β=-6.05、-13.45、-8.94),主要照养人为保姆、育儿机构等其他人员(β=-5.34)以及期望教育年龄较晚(3~<6岁组β=-2.32,≥6岁组β=-8.38)与父母养育实践得分呈负相关(P<0.05)。 结论 义乌市婴幼儿父母养育实践能力总体良好,但健康护理与安全保障维度相对薄弱。建议重点关注非本地户籍、低收入、非父母照养、从事特定职业及较低教育期望家庭的养育支持需求,促进儿童早期健康发展。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the current status of parental nurturing care practices among parents of infants and toddlers in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, and to explore its influencing factors, so as to provide evidence for targeted parenting support. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1 to December 31, 2024. Using convenience sampling, parents accompanying children younger than 6 years for routine health examinations were recruited from 14 community health service centers in Yiwu. A total of 3 623 participants were included. Parental nurturing care practices were assessed using the Caregiver's Nurturing Care Practice Questionnaire (C-NCPQ). Univariate analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multivariate linear regression was used to identify factors associated with nurturing care practice scores. Results The total score for parental nurturing care practices was 94 (73, 105). Among the six dimensions, responsive caregiving had the highest score [18 (11, 20)], whereas health care [14 (12, 16)] and safety and security [14 (11, 16)] had relatively lower scores. Multivariate linear regression showed that older paternal age (β=0.23) and a monthly household income of ≥10 000 yuan (β=2.67 - 6.91) were associated with higher nurturing care practice scores (P<0.05). Non-local household registration (β=-3.25), non-nuclear family structure (β=-7.16), fathers working in the military (β=-7.14), mothers working as laborers, military personnel, or farmers (β=-6.05, -13.45, -8.94), non-parental primary caregivers (β=-5.34), and a later expected age to start early education (3 - <6 years: β=-2.32; ≥6 years: β=-8.38) were associated with lower nurturing care practice scores (P<0.05). Conclusions The overall nurturing care practice among infants' and toddlers' parents in Yiwu is generally good, while the dimensions of health care and safety and security are relatively weak. Targeted interventions should prioritize families with non-local household registrations, low income, non-parental primary caregivers, specific occupational backgrounds and lower educational expectations to promote optimal early childhood development.

关键词

养育照护实践 / 婴幼儿 / 父母 / 横断面调查

Key words

nurturing care practice / infants and toddlers / parents / cross-sectional survey

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基金资助

浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2022ZH066);浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2024XY079);金华市科技计划项目(2023-4-260);2022年度浙江省卫生高层次人才培养对象-医坛新秀(2022-151)