网络成瘾在小学生父母养育方式和抑郁症状之间的中介效应

Mediating effect of internet addiction in the relationship between parenting styles and depressive symptoms in primary school students

摘要

目的 探究小学生父母养育方式、网络成瘾和抑郁症状间的关系,为预防并改善小学生抑郁症状提供理论依据。方法 2025年4—6月采用分层随机抽样对长沙市两所小学的769名小学生进行问卷调查,通过儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)、网络成瘾量表(IAT)、父母养育方式量表(EMBU)对其进行评估,并采用SPSS Process插件中的Model 4进行中介效应检验。结果 父母养育方式中母亲过分干涉、过分保护、父亲过分干涉、父亲过分保护以及父母的拒绝否认、惩罚严厉、偏爱被试与网络成瘾呈正相关(P<0.05);网络成瘾与抑郁症状呈正相关(P<0.05);父母情感温暖、理解与抑郁症状呈负相关(P<0.05);父母拒绝否认、惩罚严厉和父亲过度保护与抑郁症状呈正相关(P<0.05)。网络成瘾在母亲拒绝否认(效应值为0.054,95%CI:0.029~0.085)、惩罚严厉(效应值为0.049,95%CI:0.026~0.079)和父亲惩罚严厉(效应值为0.017,95%CI:0.002~0.041)、拒绝否认(效应值为0.075,95%CI:0.041~0.117)、过分保护(效应值为0.068,95%CI:0.036~0.105)与小学生的抑郁症状间起部分中介作用。结论 消极的父母养育方式与小学生出现抑郁症状显著相关,网络成瘾在二者间起中介作用。提示应倡导积极的养育方式并引导小学生正确使用网络,以促进其心理健康。

Abstract

Objective To explore the relationships among parenting styles, internet addiction, and depressive symptoms in primary school students, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention of depressive symptoms in this population. Methods A total of 769 students from two primary schools in Changsha were surveyed using stratified random sampling between April and June 2025.Assessments included the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (EMBU).SPSS 26.0 with PROCESS v4.1 macro (Model 4)was used to explore the role of mediation. Results Maternal over-interference/over-protection, paternal over-interference, paternal over-protection, as well as parental rejection/denial, punitive punishment, and favoritism were positively correlated with internet addiction in primary school students (P<0.05).Internet addiction was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (P<0.05).Conversely, parental emotional warmth and understanding were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (P<0.05), while parental rejection/denial, punitive punishment, and paternal over-protection were positively correlated with depressive symptoms (P<0.05).Mediation analysis revealed that internet addiction played a significant mediating role in the relationships between maternal rejection/denial (effect size=0.054, 95%CI: 0.029 - 0.085), maternal punitive punishment (effect size=0.049, 95%CI: 0.026 - 0.079), paternal punitive punishment (effect size=0.017, 95%CI: 0.002 - 0.041), paternal rejection/denial (effect size=0.075, 95%CI: 0.041 - 0.117), and paternal over-protection (effect size=0.068, 95%CI: 0.036 - 0.105) and children's depressive symptoms. Conclusions Negative parenting styles are significantly associated with depressive symptoms in primary school students, with internet addiction acting as a partial mediator.These findings suggest that adopting positive parenting styles and fostering healthy internet use habits are crucial for improving mental health in primary school students.

关键词

小学生 / 养育方式 / 抑郁症状 / 网络成瘾 / 中介作用

Key words

primary school students / parenting styles / depressive symptoms / internet addiction / mediating effect

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基金资助

湖南省大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目(202410542196);教育部产学合作协同育人项目(241200541113826);湖南省基础教育教学改革研究项目(Y20230728);湖南省高等教育教学改革研究项目(202401000501)