肠道菌群影响早产儿神经发育的研究进展

Recent advances in the role of gut microbiota in neurodevelopment of preterm infants

摘要

早产儿神经发育障碍的发生受多种生物医学和环境因素共同影响。随着医学的进步,早产儿存活率显著提高,但神经发育障碍的发生率仍较高。肠道菌群作为目前的研究热点备受关注,其通过微生物-肠-脑轴通路影响早产儿神经发育的机制逐渐明确。本文系统综述了早产儿神经发育障碍的主要影响因素,包括产前、产时和产后因素,并重点探讨微生物-肠-脑轴通路对早产儿神经发育的影响机制,以期为早产儿神经发育障碍的早期干预提供理论依据。

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm infants are influenced by multiple biomedical and environmental factors.Although advances in medical care have substantially improved the survival rate of preterm infants, the incidence of neurodevelopmental impairments remains high.The gut microbiota has emerged as a significant research focus, and its role in regulating neurodevelopment through the microbiota-gut-brain axis has gradually been elucidated.This review summarizes the major factors affecting neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants, including prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors, and particularly discusses the potential mechanisms underlying the influence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis on neurodevelopment, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the early intervention of neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm infants.

关键词

早产 / 神经发育 / 肠道菌群 / 早期干预

Key words

premature birth / neurodevelopment / gut microbiota / early intervention

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基金资助

深圳市龙岗区科技创新专项资金(LGKCYLWS2023006,LGKCYLWS2024-17);深圳市龙岗区医疗卫生科技计划项目非扶持类(LGWJ2023-57,LGWJ2023-66);深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院科研启动资金项目(Y2024010);中国康复医学会2023年度科研课题计划(KFKT-2023-034)