学生-家长双视角下小升初学生生活事件、焦虑水平与饮食行为的关联研究

Dual-perspective study on the associations among life events, anxiety levels, and eating behaviors in students transitioning from primary to junior high school

摘要

目的 基于学生-家长双视角,探讨小升初学生生活事件、焦虑水平与饮食行为之间的关联,以期为该过渡期学生的心理健康维护与不良饮食行为干预提供依据。方法 于2023年7月—2025年6月,采用整群随机抽样法,在成都市某区抽取六年级和初一学生及其家长进行问卷调查,最终纳入有效匹配问卷623对。学生独立完成Spence儿童焦虑量表(SCAS)自评;学生与家长分别独立填写儿童饮食行为量表(CEBQ)和青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)。采用配对t检验/Wilcoxon符号秩和检验及组内相关系数(ICC)比较双视角评分的差异与一致性,采用相关分析和多元线性回归分析生活事件、焦虑水平与饮食行为的关联。结果 1)家长他评与学生自评在CEBQ多个细分维度上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但食物回避行为与食物趋近行为的总分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);家长报告的生活事件暴露水平显著高于学生自评(Z＝-4.977,P<0.001);ICC分析显示,双视角在饮食行为各维度及生活事件评分上的一致性较弱(ICC=0.147~0.366)。2)生活事件与焦虑水平呈显著正相关,且学生自评的关联强度(r_s=0.595)大于家长报告(r_s=0.315)(P<0.001)。3)生活事件与焦虑水平均与两类饮食行为呈正相关(P<0.05),其中食物回避行为与二者的关联性强于食物趋近行为。4)多元回归分析显示:生活事件与焦虑水平对饮食行为具有显著影响,且对回避行为(β_生活=0.231,β_焦虑=0.229)的影响大于对趋近行为(β_生活=0.117,β_焦虑=0.164);男生与初一年级学生更易出现食物趋近行为(P<0.001)。结论 小升初学生的生活事件与焦虑水平均与其饮食行为密切相关,但二者影响路径存在差异:生活事件对食物回避行为有更直接的影响,而焦虑水平升高则更倾向于驱动食物趋近行为。学生自评数据对揭示心理-行为关联更具敏感性,基于学生-家长双视角的评估差异为实施针对性的家校协同干预提供了重要依据。

Abstract

Objective To explore the associations among life events, anxiety levels, and eating behaviors in students transitioning from primary to junior high school from both student and parent perspectives, so as to provide evidence for psychological and dietary behavioral interventions during this transitional period. Methods From July 2023 to June 2025, a cluster-based survey was conducted among sixth-grade primary school students, first-year junior high school students, and their parents in one district of Chengdu, China. A total of 623 matched student-parent pairs were included. Students completed the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), while students and parents independently completed the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC). Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to compare differences and agreement between the two perspectives. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to examine the associations among life events, anxiety levels, and eating behaviors. Results Significant differences were found between parent ratings and student self-ratings in several CEBQ subscales, whereas no significant differences were observed in the total scores of food avoidance behavior or food approach behavior (both P>0.05). Parents reported higher levels of life event exposure than students (Z=-4.977, P<0.001). ICC analysis showed weak agreement between the two perspectives across eating behavior dimensions and life event ratings (ICC=0.147 - 0.366). Life events were positively correlated with anxiety levels, and the correlation was stronger in student self-reports(r_s=0.595) than in parent reports (r_s=0.315) (P<0.001). Both life events and anxiety levels were positively associated with food avoidance behavior and food approach behavior (P<0.05), with relatively stronger correlations observed for food avoidance behavior. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple regression analysis further showed that both life events and anxiety levels were associated with both types of eating behaviors. Their impact was greater on food avoidance behavior (life events: β=0.231, anxiety: β=0.229) than on food approach behavior (life events:β= 0.117, anxiety:β=0.164).Male students and first-year junior high school students were more likely to exhibit food approach behavior (P<0.001). Conclusions Life events and anxiety levels are closely related to the eating behaviors of students during the primary-to-junior-high transition, but their influence pathways differ. Life events have a more direct impact on food avoidance behavior, whereas higher anxiety levels tend to drive food approach behavior. Student self-reported data may be more sensitive in identifying psychological-behavioral associations. Discrepancies between student and parent assessments may provide important reference for targeted home-school collaborative interventions.

关键词

小升初 / 生活事件暴露 / 焦虑水平 / 饮食行为 / 学生-家长双视角

Key words

primary-to-junior high transition / life event exposure / anxiety / eating behavior / dual perspectives of students and parents

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基金资助

四川省成都市龙泉驿区2023年卫健系统科研课题(WJKY2023033)