社会支持和心理弹性在体育锻炼与青少年生命意义感间的作用分析

Roles of social support and resilience in the relationship between physical exercise and meaning in life among adolescents

摘要

目的 探讨青少年体育锻炼、社会支持、心理弹性和生命意义感的关系,为提高青少年生命意义感提供理论依据。方法 2024年9—11月采用方便抽样法对陕西省两所普通中学初中生进行问卷调查,共发放718份问卷,回收有效问卷671份。采用体育活动等级量表(PARS-3)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、心理韧性量表简版(CD-RISC-10)及生命意义感量表中文修订版(MLQ-C)进行测量。采用Pearson相关分析,使用PROCESS宏程序Model 6构建链式中介模型,并采用Bootstrap法重复抽样5 000次估计95%置信区间检验中介效应。结果 体育锻炼、领悟社会支持、心理弹性和生命意义感之间均呈显著正相关(r=0.442~0.801,P<0.001),体育锻炼对青少年的生命意义感的直接效应显著,效应值为0.024,效应量为17.65%;社会支持的中介效应显著,效应值为0.072,效应量为52.94%;心理弹性的中介效应显著,效应值为0.009,效应量为6.62%;社会支持和心理弹性的链式中介效应显著,效应值为0.031,效应量为22.79%。结论 体育锻炼不仅对生命意义感产生直接效应,还能通过提升社会支持和心理弹性,进而对其产生间接促进效应。

Abstract

Objective To examine the associations among physical exercise, perceived social support, psychological resilience, and meaning in life in adolescents, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving adolescents′ life meaning. Methods A convenience sample of junior middle school students in Shaanxi Province was surveyed between September and November 2024.Among 718 questionnaires distributed, 671 were valid.Physical exercise, perceived social support, psychological resilience, and meaning in life were assessed using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and the Chinese revised version of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ-C), respectively.Pearson correlation analysis were conducted.A serial mediation model was tested using the PROCESS macro (Model 6) with 5 000 bootstrap resamples to estimate 95% confidence intervals for indirect effects. Results Significant positive correlations were observed among physical exercise, perceived social support, resilience, and meaning in life (r=0.442 - 0.801, P<0.001).Physical exercise had a significant direct effect on meaning in life (effect=0.024; 17.65%).Perceived social support showed a significant indirect effect (effect=0.072; 52.94%), and psychological resilience also showed a significant indirect effect (effect=0.009; 6.62%).The chain mediating effect involving perceived social support and psychological resilience was significant (effect=0.031; 22.79%). Conclusion Physical exercise enhances adolescents′ meaning in life both directly and indirectly by increasing perceived social support and psychological resilience.

关键词

体育锻炼 / 生命意义感 / 社会支持 / 心理弹性 / 青少年

Key words

physical exercise / meaning in life / perceived social support / psychological resilience / adolescents

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基金资助

陕西省体育局项目(20250428);陕西省科学技术厅项目(2023-JC-QN-0956);陕西省省级大学生创新训练计划项目(S202411840108);西安医学院“医臻基因育才计划”学生科研项目(2024YZ13)