基于执行功能、基本动作技能和体质健康的学龄前儿童最佳24h活动推荐量研究

Optimal 24-hour activity recommendations for preschool children based on executive function, fundamental movement skills and physical fitness

摘要

目的 运用最佳时区法确定促进学龄前儿童执行功能(EF)、基本动作技能(FMS)和体质健康(PF)的最佳24 h活动行为推荐量。方法 采用方便抽样法,于2024年4—6月在浙江省4所幼儿园招募3～6岁儿童409名,获得有效样本289名。采用加速度计客观测量清醒期身体活动并划分久坐行为(SB)、低强度身体活动(LPA)与中高强度身体活动(MVPA);睡眠时长采用家长报告的《儿童睡眠习惯问卷》(CSHQ)获得;FMS采用TGMD-3评估;PF依据《国民体质测定标准手册〈幼儿部分〉》评估;EF采用Early Years Toolbox评估。基于成分数据回归模型,筛选三项结局指标预测值位于前10%的24 h活动组合,绘制三维四元图,并以三项结局最佳时区的重叠区间确定整体健康的最佳时区。结果 研究对象平均年龄为(5.17±0.77)岁。24 h活动行为组成与EF(F=5.47,P<0.01)、FMS(F=6.96,P<0.001)及PF(F=4.96,P<0.01)均存在显著关联。基于三项结局最佳时区的重叠区间,整体健康的最佳24 h活动推荐量(min/d)为:MVPA 111(90～130)、LPA 46(30～60)、SB 683(570～780)和睡眠(SLP)601(470～700)。研究同步开发在线交互工具,可根据不同健康目标权重提供个体化时间分配建议。结论 基于EF、FMS与PF的综合指标,本研究提出学龄前儿童最佳24 h活动推荐量及时区,可为日常活动安排与指南更新提供参考。

Abstract

Objective To identify optimal 24-hour movement behavior recommendations for preschool children using the Best Time Zone approach, based on executive function (EF), fundamental movement skills (FMS), and physical fitness (PF). Methods Using convenience sampling, 409 children aged 3 - 6 years were recruited from four kindergartens in Zhejiang Province between April and June 2024, of whom 289 provided valid data. Waking-time physical activity was measured objectively using accelerometers and classified into sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Sleep duration was obtained from the parent-reported Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). FMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3), PF was evaluated according to the National Physical Fitness Test Manual (Children's Section), and EF was measured using the Early Years Toolbox (EYT). Compositional data regression models were used to examine associations between 24-hour movement compositions and outcomes. Activity compositions corresponding to the top 10% of predicted outcome values were selected, visualized using a three-dimensional quaternary plot, and the overlap across EF, FMS, and PF was defined as the optimal time zone for overall health. Results The mean age was 5.17 ± 0.77 years. The 24-hour movement composition was significantly associated with EF (F=5.47, P<0.01), FMS (F=6.96, P<0.001), and PF (F=4.96, P<0.01). The optimal 24-hour movement recommendations for overall health were: MVPA 111 min/d (90-130), LPA 46 min/d (30-60), SB 683 min/d (570-780), and sleep 601 min/d (470-700). An online interactive tool was developed to provide personalized time-use suggestions based on weighted health priorities. Conclusion These findings propose optimal 24-hour movement behavior recommendations for preschool children based on EF, FMS, and PF, and may inform daily time-use planning and future guideline updates.

关键词

最佳时区 / 学龄前儿童 / 24h活动 / 体质健康 / 执行功能 / 基本动作技能

Key words

optimal time zone / preschool children / 24-hour activity / physical fitness / executive function / fundamental movement skills

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基金资助

国家社科基金一般项目(25BTY101)