肠道菌群在儿童高尿酸血症中的作用及微生态干预进展

Role of the gut microbiota in pediatric hyperuricemia and advances in microbiota-targeted interventions

摘要

随着儿童青少年超重和肥胖率的持续上升,高尿酸血症在儿童中的发生率显著增加,但目前尚缺乏安全、有效且适用于儿童的治疗手段。近年来,研究提示肠道菌群可能成为调控尿酸代谢的重要靶点。然而,现有证据多来源于动物实验,其具体作用机制尚未完全阐明,临床转化仍面临菌株安全性、长期疗效及可行性等挑战。本文综述了肠道菌群在儿童高尿酸血症发生发展中的潜在机制,重点探讨其在调控嘌呤代谢、尿酸排泄与重吸收及炎症反应等环节中的作用,并总结了现有的微生态干预手段,同时阐述了其在临床应用中的前景与瓶颈,旨在为未来开发更安全、精准的儿童高尿酸血症干预策略提供理论依据与研究方向。

Abstract

With the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents, the prevalence of hyperuricemia among children and adolescents has increased significantly. However, safe and effective treatments suitable for pediatric patients remain limited. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may be an important target for modulating uric acid metabolism. However, most available evidence comes from animal studies and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Furthermore, clinical translation faces challenges related to strain safety, long-term efficacy, and practical feasibility. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota contribute to the development of pediatric hyperuricemia, with a focus on its roles in regulating purine metabolism, uric acid excretion and reabsorption, and inflammatory responses. In addition, existing microbiota-based interventions are reviewed, and their clinical prospects and limitations are discussed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research direction for developing safer and more precise therapeutic strategies for pediatric hyperuricemia.

关键词

肥胖 / 高尿酸血症 / 肠道菌群 / 儿童青少年

Key words

obesity / hyperuricemia / gut microbiota / children and adolescents

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基金资助

浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2023C03047);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2701900);国家自然科学基金(82370863)