3～5岁儿童感觉信息处理发展特征及其与平衡能力的关系研究

Study on the developmental characteristics of sensory processing and its association with balance skills in children aged 3 to 5 years

摘要

目的 分析3～5岁儿童感觉信息处理特征及其与平衡能力异常风险的关联,为学龄前儿童感觉与运动发展相关问题的早期识别提供参考。方法 采用横断面研究设计,选取2023年8月—2025年4月在南京市妇幼保健院进行健康体检的133名3～5岁儿童为研究对象。采用感觉讯息处理及自我调节功能检核表评估儿童感觉信息处理能力,采用儿童运动协调能力评估量表-第2版评估动静态平衡能力。采用单因素方差分析、χ²检验或趋势χ²检验比较不同年龄组儿童感觉信息处理得分及异常检出率,并采用多因素logistic回归分析感觉信息处理特征与平衡能力异常风险的关联。结果 不同年龄组儿童在触觉得分及对感觉刺激的反应-过度强烈维度得分方面差异有统计学意义(F=3.886、4.793,P＜0.05)。在异常检出率方面,仅前庭平衡觉异常检出率在不同年龄组间差异有统计学意义(χ²_trend=4.638,P=0.031),其余维度及总体感觉信息处理异常检出率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,在控制性别后,3岁组中对感觉刺激的反应-不足维度得分与平衡能力异常风险呈负相关(OR=0.80,95%CI:0.70～0.92,P=0.002);对感觉刺激的寻求维度得分与平衡能力异常风险呈正相关(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.01～1.16,P=0.031)。在4～5岁组中,各感觉调节因子与平衡能力异常风险的关联均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 3～5岁儿童部分感觉信息处理维度存在年龄相关差异。3岁儿童感觉反应模式与平衡能力异常风险可能存在一定关联,提示在学龄前儿童早期筛查中可关注感觉反应不足、感觉寻求等表现,为学龄前儿童平衡能力异常的早期识别提供线索。

Abstract

Objective To explore the developmental characteristics of sensory processing in children aged 3 to 5 years, and to analyze its association with balance ability, in order to provide a scientific reference for the early identification of related developmental issues. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 133 children aged 3 - 5 years who underwent routine health examinations at Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital from August 2023 to April 2025. Sensory processing was assessed using the Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist, and dynamic and static balance ability was evaluated using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition. One-way analysis of variance and chi-square test were used to compare sensory processing scores and abnormal rates across age groups,and multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between sensory processing characteristics and the risk of abnormal balance ability. Results Significant differences across age groups were observed in the tactile domain and the over-responsivity to sensory stimuli dimension (F=3.886, 4.793, P＜0.05). Regarding abnormal rates of sensory processing, only the vestibular-balance domain showed a statistically significant difference among different age groups (χ²_trend=4.638, P=0.031), while no significant differences were observed in the other domains or in the overall abnormal rate of sensory processing (P>0.05). After adjustment for sex, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that scores on the hypo-reactivity to sensory stimuli dimension were negatively associated with risk of abnormal balance ability in the 3-year-old group (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.70 - 0.92, P=0.002), scores on the sensory seeking dimension were also associated with the risk of abnormal balance ability (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.16, P=0.031). In the 4- to 5-year-old group, no significant associations were found between sensory modulation factors and the risk of abnormal balance ability (P>0.05). Conclusions Specific dimensions of sensory processing exhibit age-related differences in children aged 3 to 5 years. Sensory response patterns may be associated with the risk of abnormal balance ability in 3-year-old children, suggesting that early screening should focus on sensory hypo-reactivity and sensory seeking behaviors to facilitate the early identification of balance impairments in preschool children.

关键词

感觉信息处理 / 运动能力 / 平衡能力 / 学龄前儿童

Key words

sensory processing / motor skills / balance / preschool children

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基金资助

江苏省妇幼保健科研项目(F202336);中华国际医学交流基金会儿童发育行为中青年医师成长科研项目(Z-2019-41-2404);南京医科大学科技发展基金(NMUB20220115)