注意缺陷多动障碍儿童情绪面孔注视的眼动特征

Eye-tracking characteristics of emotional face processing in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

摘要

目的 探究注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童对不同情绪面孔注视的眼动特征,为提升ADHD儿童临床干预效果提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2025年2—8月,选取在广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心儿童早期发展门诊就诊的ADHD儿童83例及典型发育(TD)儿童74例。采用眼动追踪技术呈现情绪面孔刺激,采集总注视时长、注视次数等四项核心眼动指标,采用独立样本t检验、χ²检验及混合设计方差分析比较两组儿童眼动数据差异。结果 与TD儿童相比,ADHD儿童对眼睛区域的总注视时长和注视次数较少,首次注视前时间较长(P<0.05)。在不同情绪类型面孔加工中,ADHD儿童在愤怒和悲伤面孔上的总注视时长(t＝-3.051、-2.101,P<0.05)及在愤怒与恐惧面孔上的注视次数(t＝-2.022、-3.105,P<0.05)均显著少于TD儿童;ADHD儿童在愤怒、悲伤、恐惧面孔上的首次注视前时长显著长于TD儿童(t=3.283、2.183、2.227,P<0.05)。ADHD儿童对愤怒和悲伤表情的识别正确率显著低于TD儿童(χ²=3.451、3.530,P<0.001)。组别与情绪类型在总注视时长(F=4.10,P=0.003,ηp²=0.026)、注视次数(F=3.58,P=0.007,ηp²=0.023)及首次注视前时长(F=3.01,P=0.018,ηp²=0.019)上存在显著交互作用。结论 与TD儿童相比,ADHD儿童在情绪面孔识别与加工过程中存在注意模式差异,尤其在负性情绪面孔上表现为注意投入不足及特定情绪类别的识别与加工异常。这提示ADHD儿童在情绪面孔加工中可能存在特定的注意偏向或加工延迟,为理解其情绪与社交困难提供了神经认知证据。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the eye-tracking characteristics of emotional face processing in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in order to provide insights for improving clinical intervention effects in ADHD children. Methods From February to August 2025, 83 children with ADHD and 74 age-matched typically developed (TD) children were recruited from the Child Early Development Clinic of Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center Affliated to Guangzhou Medical University. Eye-tracking technology was used to present emotional facial stimuli, and four core eye-tracking metrics (including total fixation duration and number of fixations) were collected. Independent samples t-tests, chi-square test, and mixed-design analysis of variance were applied to compare differences in eye-tracking data between the two groups. Results Compared with TD children, children with ADHD showed shorter total fixation duration and fewer fixations on the eye region, as well as longer time to first fixation on the eye region (P＜0.05). During the processing of different emotional faces, children with ADHD showed shorter total fixation duration for angry and sad faces (t＝-3.051,-2.101, P <0.05), fewer fixations for angry and fearful faces(t＝-2.022,-3.105, P<0.05), and longer time to first fixation for angry, sad, and fearful faces (t=3.283, 2.183, 2.227, P<0.05). In addition, their recognition accuracy for angry and sad expressions was significantly lower than that of TD children (χ²＝ 3.451, 3.530, P <0.001). Significant group × emotion interaction effects existed on total fixation duration (F＝4.10, P＝0.003, η_p²＝0.026), number of fixations (F＝3.58, P＝0.007, η_p²＝0.023), and time to first fixation (F＝3.01, P＝0.018, η_p²＝0.019). Conclusions Compared with TD children, children with ADHD exhibit different attentional patterns during the recognition and processing of emotional faces, particularly for negative emotional faces, as reflected by reduced attentional engagement, and abnormal recognition/processing of faces with specific emotions. This suggests that ADHD children may have specific attentional biases or processing delays in emotional face processing, which may provide neurocognitive evidence for understanding their emotional and social difficulties.

关键词

注意缺陷多动障碍 / 眼动追踪 / 面孔加工 / 社交认知 / 情绪识别 / 儿童

Key words

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder / eye-tracking / facial processing / social cognition / emotion recognition / children

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