父亲缺位家庭学龄前儿童多动行为异质性剖面及家庭影响路径差异

Latent profiles of hyperactivity-related behaviors and differences in family influence pathways among preschool children from father-absent families

摘要

目的 探究父亲缺位家庭学龄前儿童多动行为的异质性,并分析“父亲陪伴时间→家庭氛围→焦虑→多动指数”这一链式中介路径在不同行为亚型中的差异,为制定针对性干预策略提供依据。方法 采用横断面调查设计,于2025年1—9月选取1 514名3~6岁父亲缺位家庭儿童,采用Conners父母症状问卷评估行为问题,以多动指数>1.5界定筛查阳性;采用潜在剖面分析识别亚型,并运用多组结构方程模型检验该链式中介的剖面特异性。结果 多动指数阳性率为14.5%(219/1 514)。潜在剖面分析识别出5类行为亚型:高冲动-多动主导型(14.6%)、品行问题-学习困难型(14.6%)、广泛问题-心身症状型(32.4%)、焦虑-学习问题型(13.3%)和典型多动-低焦虑型(25.1%)。虽然该链式中介路径在整体样本中不显著(β=0.004,P=0.193),但多组分析显示路径存在剖面差异:在“广泛问题-心身症状型”中焦虑对多动指数预测显著(β=0.280,P<0.001),而在“焦虑-学习问题型”中家庭氛围对多动指数预测显著(β=0.084,P=0.013)。模型稳定性良好。结论 绝大多数父亲缺位家庭学龄前儿童行为发展良好,在筛查阳性儿童中多动行为存在异质性。尽管“父亲陪伴→家庭氛围→焦虑→多动指数”的链式中介路径在整体样本中不显著,但其具体影响路径因行为亚型而异,需开展亚型特异性干预。

Abstract

Objective To identify latent subtypes of hyperactivity-related behaviors among preschool children from father-absent families, and to analyze the differences in the chain mediation pathway of "father companionship time → family atmosphere → anxiety → hyperactivity index" across behavioral subtypes, so as to provide evidence for developing targeted intervention strategies. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to September 2025, involving 1 514 children aged 3 - 6 years from father-absent families. Hyperactivity-related behaviors were assessed using the Chinese version of the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire, and a hyperactivity index >1.5 was used to define screening positivity. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed among hyperactivity-positive children based on Conners factor scores to identify behavioral subtypes, and multi-group structural equation modeling was applied to examine the profile-specific chain mediation effects. Results The positivity rate of the hyperactivity index was 14.5%. Five behavioral subtypes were identified among hyperactivity-positive children: high impulsivity-hyperactivity dominant (14.6%), conduct problems-learning difficulties (14.6%), widespread problems-psychosomatic symptoms (32.4%), Anxiety-learning problems (13.3%), and typical hyperactivity-low anxiety (25.1%). The overall chain-mediated effect was not significant (β=0.004, P=0.193). However, multi-group analysis suggested subtype-specific differences: anxiety significantly predicted the hyperactivity index in the widespread problems-psychosomatic symptoms subtype (β=0.280, P<0.001), whereas family atmosphere significantly predicted the hyperactivity index in the anxiety-learning problems subtype (β=0.084, P=0.013). The model demonstrated good stability. Conclusions The vast majority of preschool children from father-absent families develop well behaviorally.Among those screening positive, hyperactive behaviors exhibit significant heterogeneity. Although the chain-mediated pathway of father involvement-family climate-anxiety-hyperactivity index is not significant in the overall sample, the specific pathways varies across behavioral subtypes, highlighting the need for subtype-specific interventions.

关键词

父亲缺位 / 学龄前儿童 / 多动行为 / 潜在剖面分析 / 链式中介效应 / 注意缺陷多动障碍

Key words

father absence / preschool children / hyperactive behaviors / latent profile analysis / chain mediation effect / attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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基金资助

军委后勤保障部卫生局面上项目(21JSZ05)