同胞介入式干预应用于神经发育障碍儿童的范围综述

Scoping review on the application of sibling-mediated interventions among children with neurodevelopmental disorders

摘要

目的 系统梳理同胞介入式干预在神经发育障碍儿童中的应用现状、实施要素及康复效果,为康复实践和后续研究提供参考。方法 在PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、CNKI、Wanfang Database及VIP数据库检索从建库至2025年4月的相关文献。对纳入的文献进行筛选,提取同胞介入式干预方法的时长、效果、结局评价工具等数据。结果 共纳入38篇文献,研究对象以孤独症谱系障碍儿童(34项)为主;同胞介入形式分为干预实施者(25项)、行为示范者(8项)和过程陪伴者(8项);同胞训练策略包含现场培训(16项)、视频学习(5项)及混合模式(5项);干预内容聚焦社交互动(25项)、言语沟通(12项)、学业任务(6项)和生活技能(6项);结局方向涵盖对障碍儿童(38项)、健全同胞(24项)及二者互动(27项)的影响;结局指标包含客观行为、发展能力及家庭主观体验等。结论 多数纳入研究报告同胞介入式干预可改善神经发育障碍儿童的社交与适应行为,且对健全同胞及家庭互动具有积极影响。未来需建立标准化体系,并结合中国家庭文化构建本土化、阶梯式干预模式。

Abstract

Objective To systematically synthesize the current applications, implementation components, and effects of sibling-mediated interventions for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, so as to provide guidance for rehabilitation practice and future research. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and the VIP Database were searched from inception to April 2025. Eligible studies were screened, and data concerning intervention duration, implementation approaches, effects, and outcome assessment instruments were extracted. Results A total of 38 studies were included, most of which involved children with autism spectrum disorder (n=34). Siblings participated as intervention agents (n=25), behavioral models (n=8), or companions throughout the intervention process (n=8). Sibling-training strategies included in-person training (n=16), video-based learning (n=5), and blended approaches (n=5). Interventions primarily focused on social interaction (n=25), verbal communication (n=12), academic tasks (n=6), and daily living skills (n=6). Outcomes assessed effects on children with neurodevelopmental disorders (n=38), typically developing siblings (n=24), and sibling dyadic interactions (n=27). Outcome measures encompassed objective behavioral indicators, developmental competencies, and subjective family experiences. Conclusions The majority of the included studies reported improvements in social interaction and adaptive behaviors among children with neurodevelopmental disorders following sibling-mediated interventions, as well as positive outcomes for typically developing siblings and family-level interactions. Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system and developing culturally adapted, tiered intervention models tailored to Chinese family contexts.

关键词

同胞介入式干预 / 神经发育障碍儿童 / 孤独症谱系障碍 / 范围综述

Key words

sibling-mediated intervention / children with neurodevelopmental disorders / autism spectrum disorder / scoping review

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基金资助

国家社会科学基金项目(24XSH021)