运动-认知双重任务训练对改善发育性协调障碍儿童步态效果和平衡能力的研究

Effects of motor-cognitive dual-task training on improving gait and balance abilities in children with developmental coordination disorder

摘要

目的 探讨运动-认知双重任务训练对发育性协调障碍(DCD)儿童平衡能力与步态参数的干预效果,并与运动任务训练及感觉统合训练进行比较,为DCD儿童康复提供科学依据。方法 2025年6—7月,在淮北市招募5~8岁DCD儿童78例,随机分为运动-认知双重任务组、运动任务组和感觉统合组,每组26例,干预周期12周,每周3次,每次60 min。干预前后采用儿童运动测试成套工具(第二版)(MABC-2)评估平衡能力,利用GAITRite系统测量步态参数。结果 干预前,3组平衡与步态参数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。干预后, 3组MABC-2平衡评分均较干预前提高(P＜0.001),且干预后组间差异有统计学意义(F=4.854,P=0.010)。步态方面,双重任务组的步幅(F=4.231)、步频(F=3.195)、步速(F=4.335)、双支撑期(F=8.323)及单支撑期(F=5.583)改善方面均优于运动任务组和感觉统合组(P＜0.05),但3组步态周期改善差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 与单一的运动任务训练和感觉统合训练相比,运动-认知双重任务训练在提升DCD儿童平衡能力及优化步态参数方面具有显著优势,可为DCD儿童康复训练方案的选择提供参考。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effects of motor-cognitive dual-task training on balance and gait parameters in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and to compare these effects with those of motor task training and sensory integration training, thereby providing evidence for the rehabilitation of children with DCD. Methods From June to July 2025, a total of 78 children with DCD aged 5 - 8 years were recruited in Huaibei and randomly assigned to a motor-cognitive dual-task group, a motor task group, or a sensory integration group, with 26 children in each group.The intervention lasted 12 weeks and was conducted three times per week for 60 min per session.Balance was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2), and gait parameters were measured using the GAITRite system before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, no statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups in balance scores or gait parameters (P>0.05).After the intervention, MABC-2 balance scores increased significantly from baseline in all three groups (P<0.001), and the between-group difference after the intervention was statistically significant (F=4.854, P=0.010).Regarding gait parameters, the motor-cognitive dual-task group showed significantly greater improvements in stride length (F=4.231), cadence (F=3.195), gait speed (F=4.335), double-support phase (F=8.323), and single-support phase (F=5.583) than the motor task and sensory integration groups (P<0.05), whereas gait cycle improvement did not differ significantly among the three groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions Compared with motor task training and sensory integration training alone, motor-cognitive dual-task training has significant advantages in improving balance and optimizing gait parameters in children with DCD and may provide reference for selecting rehabilitation programs for DCD children.

关键词

双重任务训练 / 发育性协调障碍 / 步态 / 平衡 / 儿童

Key words

dual-task training / developmental coordination disorder / gait / balance / children

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基金资助

国家社科基金一般项目(25BTY032)