24小时活动行为最佳组合方式对中小学生肥胖影响的研究

Effects of optimal combinations of 24-hour movement behaviors on obesity among primary and secondary school students

摘要

目的 运用最佳时区分析法分析中小学生24小时活动行为与肥胖之间的关联,并提出预防肥胖的最佳时间组合。方法 于2024年4—5月,采用分层随机抽样法在郑州市随机招募274名中小学生(男143,女131),测量受试者的肥胖指标,包括体质量指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)、腰高比(WHtR)、体脂率(BFP)、脂肪量指数(FMI)、内脏脂肪面积(VFA);通过三轴加速度计测量24小时活动,包括中高强度身体活动(MVPA)、低强度身体活动(LPA)、久坐行为。并通过问卷收集睡眠时长。通过最佳时区分析法确定中小学生的最佳活动时长和区间。结果 小学生 24 h活动行为与BMI(F=12.45)、WHR(F=13.59)、VFA(F=9.62)显著相关(P<0.05);初中生24 h活动行为与BMI(F=13.17)、WHR(F=13.61)、WHtR(F=9.94)、BFP(F=6.44)和VFA(F=12.85)显著相关(P＜0.05)。据此提出最佳时间组合,小学生为:MVPA 70 min(40~80 min)、LPA 255 min(240~290 min)、久坐行为580 min(440~610 min)、睡眠 535 min(475~650 min);中学生:MVPA 76 min(45~90 min)、LPA 262 min(255~300 min)、久坐行为604 min(490~640 min)、睡眠498 min(445~610 min)。结论 中小学生 24 h 活动行为与肥胖相关指标密切相关。本研究提出的最佳时间组合中,MVPA 与 SLP 的时长与现有指南基本一致,同时补充了久坐行为与 LPA 的具体建议,可为中小学生 24 h 活动行为优化及肥胖防控提供科学依据。

Abstract

Objective To explore the associations between 24-hour movement behaviors and obesity-related indicators in primary and middle school students using optimal time zone analysis, so as to propose optimal time allocation combinations for pediatric obesity prevention. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to recruit 274 children and adolescents (143 boys and 131 girls) in Zhengzhou from April to May 2024. Obesity indicators were measured., including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body fat percentage (BFP), fat mass index (FMI), and visceral fat tissue (VFA) area. Triaxial accelerometers were utilized to objectively measure 24-hour movement behaviors, including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and sedentary behavior. Sleep duration was collected via questionnaires. Optimal time zone analysis was applied to determine the optimal durations and ranges of these behaviors. Results The 24-hour movement behaviors of primary school students were significantly associated with BMI (F=12.45), WHR (F=13.59) and VFA (F=9.62) (P＜0.05). For middle school students, significant associations were observed between 24-hour movement behaviors and BMI (F=13.17), WHR (F=13.61), WHtR (F=9.94), BFP (F=6.44), and VFA (F=12.85) (P＜0.05). Accordingly, the estimated optimal daily allocations were 70 min (40-80 min) for MVPA, 255 min (240-290 min) for LPA, 580 min (440-610 min) for sedentary behavior, and 535 min (475-650 min) for sleep among primary school students. Among middle school students, the corresponding allocations were 76 min (45-90 min) for MVPA, 262 min (255-300 min) for LPA, 604 min (490-640 min) for sedentary behavior, and 498 min (445-610 min) for sleep, respectively. Conclusions The 24-hour movement behaviors of primary and middle school students are closely associated with obesity-related indicators. In the optimal time combinations proposed in this study, the durations of MVPA and SLP are generally consistent with current guidelines, while specific recommended ranges for sleep and LPA are supplemented, which may provide a scientific basis for optimizing 24-hour movement behaviors and preventing childhood obesity.

关键词

24 h活动行为 / 最佳时区 / 肥胖 / 儿童

Key words

24-hour activity behavior / optimal time zone / obesity / children

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基金资助

河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目(编号:2024BTY024)