严肃游戏对儿童注意缺陷多动障碍干预效果的系统综述再评价

Overview of systematic reviews on the effectiveness of serious games for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

摘要

目的 系统评价严肃游戏作为数字疗法在注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童中的干预效果与应用现状,为临床实践与科研提供循证依据。方法 遵循PRISMA指南,系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、Embase、IEEE Xplore、PsycINFO、Cochrane Library、中国知网等中英文数据库,纳入2015—2025年发表的系统综述与Meta分析文献。采用PICO框架明确研究要素,两名研究者独立筛选文献、提取数据,并使用AMSTAR 2工具评估纳入文献的方法学质量。结果 共纳入8篇系统综述/Meta分析,涵盖认知训练、神经反馈、体感互动、虚拟/增强现实等多种严肃游戏形式。结果显示,严肃游戏对改善ADHD儿童的执行功能、核心症状及部分社交与学业功能具有积极效果,且表现出较高的参与度与接受度。然而,其在长期效应维持、个体化适配及方法学质量方面仍存在局限性。结论 严肃游戏是一种具有潜力的数字干预工具,初步显示可改善提升ADHD儿童的部分认知行为功能与治疗依从性。未来应进一步优化游戏设计、加强技术融合、规范研究方法,并探索其与其他非药物干预模式的整合应用,以推动其在ADHD儿童康复中的科学化与个性化发展。

Abstract

Objective To systematically evaluate the intervention effects and current application status of serious games as digital therapeutics for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in order to provide evidence-based support for clinical practice and future research. Methods Chinese and English databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, IEEE Xplore, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI, were searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2015 and 2025 on serious game interventions for children with ADHD. The PICO framework was employed to define the research elements. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment. The quality of the included reviews was appraised using AMSTAR 2. Results A total of 8 systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included. The interventions mainly involved cognitive training, neurofeedback, somatosensory interaction, and virtual/augmented reality. Current evidence suggests that serious games may provide potential benefits in improving executive function and core symptoms in children with ADHD, and may also show positive trends in certain aspects of social functioning and academic performance. In addition, serious games were generally associated with high participation and acceptability. However, limitations remain in the maintenance of long-term effects, individualized adaptation, and methodological quality. Conclusions Serious games may serve as a promising digital intervention for children with ADHD, particularly in improving selected cognitive-behavioral outcomes and treatment adherence. Future efforts should focus on optimizing game design, enhancing technology integration, standardizing research methodologies, and exploring integrated application with other non-pharmacological intervention models to advance the scientific and personalized use of serious games in ADHD rehabilitation.

关键词

严肃游戏 / 注意缺陷多动障碍 / 儿童 / 数字疗法 / 系统综述再评价

Key words

serious games / attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder / children / digital therapeutics / overview of systematic reviews

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基金资助

黑龙江省自然科学基金会联合基金项目培育项目(PL2024H014);佳木斯大学“东极”学术团队项目(DJXSTD202413)