孤独症谱系障碍儿童视觉动作学习适应能力研究

Visuomotor adaptability in children with autism spectrum disorder

摘要

目的 探究孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童是否可以依赖视觉反馈提高动作学习适应性,为揭示ASD儿童感知动作整合的生物学基础及制定“自适应难度调节”的动作干预方案提供实证依据与理论支撑。方法 选取2022年7月—2023年12月期间,在武汉麟洁儿童康复服务中心进行康复训练的21名ASD儿童及在武汉市5所小学、幼儿园就读的21名典型发育(TD)儿童参加视觉动作适应实验,实验共3个阶段。在基线期与适应后,参与者的手部动作与计算机屏幕光标反馈呈一一对应关系,而在适应期,参与者手部动作的视觉反馈沿逆时针偏转30°。选取方向误差(DE)、移动时(MT)、均方根误差(RMSE)以考察视觉动作学习能力。结果 在适应期,随着练习次数的增加,ASD儿童与TD儿童的DE、MT及RMSE表现出显著改善(F=5.445、13.473、11.196,P<0.05),ASD儿童与TD儿童在适应期不同阶段动作改善差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在适应后,ASD儿童的RMSE显著优于基线期(t=2.275,P<0.05),且显著优于TD儿童(t=2.112,P<0.05)。结论 ASD儿童可以通过视觉反馈更新内在模型,突出表现在动作控制能力的优化,未来可在ASD儿童动作学习与干预中加入具体的视觉化辅助以提高干预效果。

Abstract

Objective To explore whether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children can rely on visual feedback to improve motor learning adaptability, so as to reveal the biological basis of perceptual-motor integration in ASD children and to provide empirical evidence and theoretical support for developing motor intervention based on adaptive difficulty regulation. Methods From July 2022 to December 2023, 21 children with ASD who received rehabilitation training at the Wuhan Linjie Children′s Rehabilitation Service Center, as well as 21 typically developing (TD) children attending five primary schools and kindergartens in Wuhan, participated in a computerized visuomotor adaptation experiment.The experiment consisted of three phases: baseline, adaptation (with a 30° counterclockwise rotation of visual feedback), and post-adaptation.Directional error (DE), movement time (MT), and root mean square error (RMSE) were selected to examine visuomotor learning ability. Results During the adaptation phase, as the number of exercises increased, both ASD and TD children showed significant improvements in DE, MT, and RMSE (F=5.445, 13.473, 11.196, P<0.05), and there were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05).In the post-adaptation phase, ASD children showed a significantly greater improvement in RMSE compared to their baseline performance (t=2.275, P<0.05) and this improvement was significantly greater than that of TD children (t=2.112, P<0.05). Conclusions ASD children can update their internal model through visual feedback, especially in motor control ability.Future motor learning and intervention programs for children with ASD should incorporate specific visual aids to improve intervention outcomes.

关键词

孤独症谱系障碍 / 动作学习 / 视觉反馈偏转 / 视觉动作适应

Key words

autism spectrum disorder / motor learning / visual feedback rotation / visuomotor adaptation

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(31671162);国家自然科学基金青年项目(62307034);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(25YJC890029)