银川市中学生运动恐惧、运动自我效能感与体重状况的关联

Associations of kinesiophobia and exercise self-efficacy with weight status among middle school students in Yinchuan, China

摘要

目的 探讨银川市中学生运动恐惧、运动自我效能感与体重状况的关联,以及运动自我效能感的中介作用和相关人口学因素的调节作用,为青少年体重管理提供参考。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,于2025年9—10月抽取银川市1 482名初一至初三学生为研究对象。采用运动恐惧量表(KCS)和运动自我效能感量表(SEE)开展问卷调查,同时测量体质量指数(BMI)并收集人口学特征和饮食行为等资料。采用相关分析、多因素线性回归和Bootstrap法(5 000次重复抽样)检验中介效应和调节效应。结果 运动恐惧与BMI呈正向关联(β=0.132,P＜0.001)。运动自我效能感在运动恐惧与BMI的关联中发挥部分中介作用,间接效应值为0.039,占总效应的22.8%(95%CI:0.023~0.060)。性别可调节运动自我效能感与BMI的关联(β=-0.082,P=0.013),女生中该负向关联更强;父母学历可调节运动恐惧与运动自我效能感的关联(β=-0.105,P=0.004),父母最高学历为高中以下的学生中该负向关联更强。年龄、家庭住址和是否独生子女的调节效应均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 运动恐惧与BMI既存在直接关联,也可通过运动自我效能感产生间接关联;性别和父母学历可调节相关路径。

Abstract

Objective To examine the associations of kinesiophobia and exercise self-efficacy with weight status among middle school students in Yinchuan,and to analyze the mediating effect of exercise self-efficacy and the moderating effects of relevant demographic factors, so as to provide evidence for adolescent weight management. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September to October 2025 among 1 482 students in Grades 7-9 selected using multistage stratified cluster sampling. The Kinesiophobia Causes Scale and the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale were administered. Body mass index (BMI) was assessed, and demographic characteristics and dietary behaviours were collected. Correlation analysis, multivariable linear regression, and bootstrap mediation and moderation analyses with 5 000 resamples were performed. Results Kinesiophobia was positively associated with BMI (β=0.132, P<0.001). Exercise self-efficacy showed a partial mediating effect on this association, with an indirect effect of 0.039, accounting for 22.8% of the total effect (95%CI: 0.023-0.060). Sex moderated the association between exercise self-efficacy and BMI (β=-0.082, P=0.013), with a stronger negative association among girls. Parental educational attainment moderated the association between kinesiophobia and exercise self-efficacy (β=-0.105, P=0.004), with a stronger negative association among students whose parents' highest educational attainment was below senior high school. Age, residence place, and only-child status showed no significant moderating effects (P>0.05). Conclusions Kinesiophobia is directly associated with BMI and indirectly associated with BMI through exercise self-efficacy. Sex and parental educational attainment moderate these pathways.

关键词

体重 / 运动恐惧 / 运动自我效能感 / 中介效应 / 调节效应

Key words

weight / kinesiophobia / exercise self-efficacy / mediating effect / moderating effect

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基金资助

宁夏自然科学基金项目(2025AAC030851);宁夏本科教育教学改革研究与实践项目(bjg2023054);广东省教育科学规划课题(2024GXJK532);广东省哲学社会科学规划一般项目(GD25CTY10)