课外身体活动对不同心肺功能儿童抑制控制的影响

Effects of extracurricular physical activity on inhibitory control in children with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness

摘要

目的 分析课外身体活动对儿童抑制控制与前额叶神经活动的影响,阐明心肺功能(CRF)的调节效应及神经机制,为促进儿童健康提供依据。方法 2021年9月采用方便抽样法在清华附小昌平校区抽取7~12岁儿童140名,经20m折返跑(20mSRT)筛选高、低CRF儿童各42名进行12周干预。干预前后采用Flanker任务与功能性近红外光谱(fNIRS)分别评估抑制控制及前额叶神经活动。结果 剔除数据缺失样本,最终纳入高CRF组39名、低CRF组38名。干预前,高CRF组20mSRT得分更高(t=-10.616,P＜0.001)、抑制控制表现更佳(反应时更短F=4.776, P＜0.05)、双侧背外侧前额叶(DLPFC)的氧合血红蛋白浓度(oxy-Hb)更高(左F=6.568, P＜0.05;右F=15.190, P＜0.001);干预后,仅高CRF组20mSRT高于低CRF组(t=-7.017, P＜0.001)。两组右侧背外侧前额叶的oxy-Hb与抑制控制均呈显著相关(低CRF r=0.469,P＜0.01;高CRF r=0.354,P＜0.05)。结论 运动干预通过增强R-DLPFC激活进而改善抑制控制,R-DLPFC在二者间起中介作用,且该效应存在CRF水平差异,提示心肺功能是影响身体活动干预效果的重要因素。未来小学体育干预应聚焦CRF提升,同时根据CRF水平分层实施,以最优方式促进儿童抑制控制的发展。

Abstract

Objective To examine the effects of exercise on inhibitory control and prefrontal cortical activity in children, and to investigate the moderating role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and explore the underlying neural correlates so as to provide reference for promoting children′s health. Methods In September 2021, 140 children aged 7 - 12 years were recruited from Tsinghua University Primary School Changping Campus using convenience sampling.Based on performance on the 20-meter shuttle run test (20mSRT), 42 children with high CRF and 42 with low CRF were selected to participate in a 12-week extracurricular physical activity intervention.Inhibitory control and prefrontal cortical activity were assessed before and after the intervention using the Flanker task and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), respectively. Results After exclusion of participants with missing data, 39 children in the high-CRF group and 38 in the low-CRF group were included in the analysis.At baseline, the high-CRF group had higher 20mSRT scores (t=-10.616, P<0.001), better inhibitory-control performance, reflected by shorter reaction times (F=4.776, P<0.05), and higher oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) than the low-CRF group (left: F=6.568, P<0.05; right: F=15.190, P<0.001).After the intervention, 20mSRT scores remained higher in the high-CRF group than in the low-CRF group (t=-7.017, P<0.001).Right DLPFC oxy-Hb concentration was significantly associated with inhibitory control in both groups (low-CRF group: r=0.469, P<0.01; high-CRF group: r=0.354, P<0.05). Conclusions Exercise intervention improves inhibitory control via right DLPFC activation, which plays a key mediating role.Effects vary across CRF levels, indicating cardiorespiratory fitness as a moderating variable.Future primary school physical activity interventions should prioritize CRF enhancement and adopt stratified approaches based on CRF levels to optimally facilitate children′s inhibitory control development.

关键词

课外身体活动 / 心肺功能 / 儿童 / 抑制控制 / 功能性近红外光谱

Key words

extracurricular physical activity / cardiorespiratory fitness / children / inhibitory control / functional near-infrared spectroscopy

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基金资助

北京市社会科学基金重点项目(19YTA001);体医工交叉智能技术北京市重点实验室开放课题(BZ-2025-035)