婴幼儿回应性照护在父母低头行为与亲子互动质量间的中介效应

Mediating effect of infant responsive caregiving between parents′ phubbing behavior and parent-child interaction quality

摘要

目的 探讨0~3岁婴幼儿期父母低头行为、婴幼儿回应性照护以及亲子互动质量的关系,为改善家庭养育质量提供理论依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2025年7—11月选取咸阳市3所三甲医院儿童保健科就诊儿童的父母285名,采用一般资料调查表、父母低头行为量表、婴幼儿回应性照护评价量表及亲子互动量表进行调查。运用 SPSS 27.0进行描述性统计、相关分析,采用PROCESS宏程序进行中介效应分析。结果 婴幼儿为独生子女的亲子互动质量显著高于非独生子女(t=3.503,P＜0.001),非早产儿的亲子互动质量显著高于早产儿(t=-3.453,P＜0.001);父母为主要抚养者(t=5.955)、母亲年龄≤35岁组(t=2.698)、母亲研究生及以上学历(F=3.647)、城镇居住地组(t=2.442)以及家庭月收入8 000~15 000元(F=3.993)的亲子互动质量分别高于其他组(P＜0.05)。父母低头行为与亲子互动质量、回应性照护呈负相关(r=-0.467、-0.504,P＜0.01),亲子互动与回应性照护呈显著正相关(r=0.571,P＜0.01)。在控制人口学特征的协变量后,父母低头行为负向预测回应性照护水平(β=-0.490,P<0.001)和亲子互动质量(β=-0.247,P<0.001),回应性照护水平正向预测亲子互动质量(β=0.416,P<0.001)。回应性照护在父母低头行为与亲子互动质量的关系中呈部分中介作用,其间接效应值为-0.204(95%CI:-0.291~-0.130),中介效应占比为45.18%(P＜0.001)。结论 父母低头行为与亲子互动质量密切相关,回应性照护在其中起显著的中介作用。提示在养育指导中,应重视父母低头行为的干预,从而提升对婴幼儿的回应性照护水平和亲子互动质量。

Abstract

Objective To explore the associations among parental phubbing, responsive caregiving, and parent-child interaction quality in families with infants and toddlers aged 0 to 3 years, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving home nurturing quality. Methods A convenience sample of 285 parents of children aged 0 to 3 years was recruited from the child health care departments of three tertiary hospitals in Xianyang City between July and November 2025. Data were collected using a general demographic questionnaire, the Parental Phubbing Scale, the Responsive Caregiving Rating Scale, and the Brigance Parent-Child Interaction Scale. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed using SPSS 27.0, and the mediating effect was examined using the PROCESS macro. Results Parent-child interaction scores were significantly higher for only children (t=3.503, P<0.001) and full-term infants (t=-3.453, P<0.001). Furthermore, significantly higher interaction quality was observed when the primary caregivers were parents (t=5.955), maternal age was ≤35 years old (t=2.698), maternal education was at the postgraduate level or above (F=3.647), residence was in urban areas (t=2.442), and monthly family income ranged from 8 000 to 15 000 RMB (F=3.993) (P<0.05). Parental phubbing was negatively correlated with parent-child interaction quality and responsive caregiving (r=-0.467, -0.504, P<0.01), while responsive caregiving was positively correlated with parent-child interaction quality (r=0.571, P<0.01). After adjusting for relevant demographic covariates, parental phubbing negatively predicted responsive caregiving (β=-0.490, P<0.001) and parent-child interaction quality (β=-0.247, P<0.001), whereas responsive caregiving positively predicted parent-child interaction quality (β=0.416, P<0.001). Responsive caregiving had a significant indirect effect on the association between parental phubbing and parent-child interaction quality, with an indirect effect of -0.204(95%CI:-0.291 to -0.130), accounting for 45.18% of the total effect. Conclusions Parental phubbing is closely related to parent-child interaction quality, and responsive caregiving plays a significant mediating role. Parenting guidance should focus on reducing parental phubbing, improving responsive caregiving so as to promote high-quality parent-child interactions.

关键词

父母低头行为 / 亲子互动 / 回应性照护

Key words

parental phubbing / parent-child interaction / responsive caregiving

[1] 王正敏,王任梅.父母低头行为与亲子互动质量的关系:粗暴养育的中介和幼儿年龄的调节作用[J].陕西学前师范学院学报,2025,41(1):21-29.
Wang ZM, Wang RM. The relationship of parental phubbing behavior and the quality of parentchild interaction: Mediating effect of rough parenting and moderating effect of children′s age[J]. J Shaanxi Xueqian Norm Univ, 2025, 41(1): 21-29.(in Chinese)
[2] Gao T, Mei S, Cao H, et al. Parental psychological aggression and phubbing in adolescents: A moderated mediation model[J]. Psychiatry Investig, 2022, 19(12): 1012-1020.
[3] 王彩阳.父母低头行为对3~6岁幼儿屏幕依赖的影响:亲子依恋的中介作用[D].洛阳:洛阳师范学院,2025.
Wang CY.Parental phubbing and child′s screen dependency: The mediating role of parent-child attachment[D]. Luoyang: Luoyang Normal University, 2025.(in Chinese)
[4] 钱荣.亲子互动质量与儿童身心发展:作用机制、健康风险及实施路径[J].基础教育研究,2025,(18):65-69.
[5] 王嘉莹.基于Barand亲子互动模式的早产儿母亲回应性照护支持方案构建与实证研究[D].百色:右江民族医学院,2025.
Wang JY. Study of a responsive caregiving support program for preterm infants based on the barand parent-child interaction model[D]. Baise: Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 2025.(in Chinese)
[6] Lobo E, Mahapatra S, Jeong J, et al.A scoping review of responsive caregiving in diverse populations and its association with child development[J]. Early Hum Dev, 2026, 212: 106424.
[7] Wade M, Parker V, Tang A, et al. Linking caregiving quality during infancy to brain activity in early childhood and later executive function[J]. Dev Sci, 2024, 27(6): e13517.
[8] Lin YC, Lee WY. Correlation analyses between childhood behavioral disturbance and maternal alexithymia: An observational study[J]. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2023, 28(19): 1665-1674.
[9] 祖静,杨文雅,周桐帆,等.父母低头行为对幼儿问题行为的影响:一个有调节的中介模型[J].学前教育研究,2022(6):34-48.
Zu J, Yang WY, Zhou TF, et al.The impact of parental phubbing on young children′s problem behavior: An adjusted intermediary model[J].Studies in Early Childhood Education, 2022(6): 34-48.(in Chinese)
[10] 倪雪菲,樊利春.儿童早期发展养育照护体系中的回应性照护[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2023,31(1):62-65,70.
Ni XF, Fan LC. Responsive care in early childhood development nurturing care systems[J].Chin J Child Health Care, 2023, 31(1): 62-65, 70.(in Chinese)
[11] McDaniel BT, Uva S, Pater J, et al. Daily smartphone use predicts parent depressive symptoms, but parents' perceptions of responsiveness to their child moderate this effect[J]. Front Dev Psychol, 2024, 2: 1421717.
[12] 张瑞峰.回应式养育理论下亲子游戏互动质量研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2021.
Zhang RF. Research on interactive quality of parent-child games based on responsive caregiving theory[D]. Dalian: Liaoning Normal University, 2021.(in Chinese)
[13] Zhang P, Wang X. The impact of parental phubbing on social with drawal in preschool children: The serial mediating roles of parent-child conflict and negative emotions[J]. BMC Psychol, 2025, 13(1): 36.
[14] Xie J, Luo Y, Chen Z.Relationship between partner phubbing and parent-adolescent relationship quality: A family-based study[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022, 20(1): 304.
[15] Zhou J, Li X, Gong X. Parental phubbing and internet gaming addiction in children: Mediating roles of parent-child relationships and depressive symptoms[J]. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 2022, 25(8): 512-517.
[16] 黄楹,张海峰,童连.婴幼儿回应性照护评价量表的初步编制与评价[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2022,30(4):386-391.
Huang Y, Zhang HF, Tong L. Preliminary development and evaluation of the responsive caregiving rating scale for children aged 0 to 4 years[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2022, 30(4): 386-391.(in Chinese)
[17] 张尧.亲子互动对12~24个月幼儿情绪社会性影响的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学, 2016.
Zhang Y. A study on the influence of parent-child interactionon the social-emotion of toddlers at the age of 12-24 months[D]. Harbin: Harbin Normal University, 2016.(in Chinese)
[18] Van den Abeele MMP, Abels M, Hendrickson AT. Are parents less responsive to young children when they are on their phones? A systematic naturalistic observation study[J]. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 2020, 23(6): 363-370.
[19] Coyne SM, Shawcroft J, Gale M, et al. Digital distraction or accessible aid? Parental media use during feedings and parent-infant attachment, dysfunction, and relationship quality[J]. Comput Hum Behav, 2022, 127: 107051.
[20] Mikic' A, Klein AM. Smartphone use in the presence of infants and young children: A systematic review[J]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr, 2022, 71(4): 305-326.
[21] Komanchuk J, Toews AJ, Marshall S, et al.Impacts of parental technoference on parent-child relationships and child health and developmental outcomes: A scoping review[J]. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 2023, 26(8): 579-603.
[22] Elias N, Lemish D, Dalyot S, et al. “Where are you?” An observational exploration of parental technoference in public places in the US and Israel[J]. J Child Media, 2020(1): 1-13.
[23] Hwang Y, Choi I, Yum JY, et al.Parental mediation regarding children′s smartphone use: Role of protection motivation and parenting style[J]. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 2017, 20(6): 362-368.
[24] 宋快,顾璋华.父母低头行为对婴幼儿心理发展的影响[J].江苏第二师范学院学报,2024,40(2):50-57.
Song K, Gu ZH. The impact of parental phubbing on infants' and toddlers' psychological development[J]. Journal of Jiangsu Second Normal University, 2024, 40(2): 50-57.(in Chinese)
[25] Braune-Krickau K, Schneebeli L, Pehlke-Milde J, et al. Smartphones in the nursery: Parental smartphone use and parental sensitivity and responsiveness within parent-child interaction in early childhood (0 - 5 years): A scoping review[J]. Infant Ment Health J, 2021, 42(2): 161-175.
[26] 赵淑良,邵清春,祖新霞,等.基于自我决定理论的婴儿母乳回应性喂养干预方案的构建及应用[J].护理研究,2024,38(14):2476-2483.
Zhao SL, Shao QC, Zu XX, et al. Construction and application of breastfeeding responsive feeding intervention program for infants based on self-determination theory[J]. Chin Nurs Res, 2024, 38(14): 2476-2483.(in Chinese)

基金资助

咸阳职业技术学院级科研基金项目(2025KJC07)