科技赋能的亲子互动在儿童早期发展中的核心促进作用

Central role of technology-enhanced parent-child interaction in early childhood development

摘要

0~6岁是个体身心发展的关键时期,尤其是0~3岁。该阶段儿童发展的质量对其一生的认知、情感和社会性发展都具有决定性影响。在儿童早期发展众多的影响因素中,父母亲子互动扮演着无可替代的核心角色。本文旨在基于脑科学及神经网络构建理论,再次阐述亲子互动的神经基础,深入分析其对儿童大脑认知、语言、行为等能力、情绪调节及社会性发展的深远影响。同时提出科技赋能亲子互动的新范式与实践策略,为构建支持亲子互动的科技生态体系及开展科学的家庭早期养育提供理论参考与实践指导。

Abstract

The period from birth to 6 years of age represents a critical window for physical and psychological development, particularly during the first three years of life.The quality of child development during this stage exerts a decisive influence on cognitive, emotional, and social development throughout the lifespan.Among the multiple factors influencing early childhood development, parent-child interaction has been identified as playing an irreplaceable central role.Grounded in neuroscience and neural network construction theory, this article reaffirms the neurobiological foundations of parent-child interaction and provides an in-depth analysis of its profound impact on children's cognitive abilities, language development, behavioral competencies, emotional regulation, and social development.Furthermore, it proposes novel paradigms and practical strategies for technology-enhanced parent-child interaction, aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for constructing a technological ecosystem that supports parent-child interaction and for implementing evidence-based early caregiving practices.

关键词

早期发展 / 神经生物学基础 / 依恋 / 亲子互动 / 科技赋能 / 科学养育 / 儿童

Key words

early development / neurobiological foundations / attachment / parent-child interaction / technology enhancement / evidence-based caregiving / children

[1] 约翰·鲍尔比.安全基地:依恋关系的起源[M].北京:世界图书出版有限公司,2017:7-8,13.
[2] 刘梦.浅析弗洛姆的社会心理学理论及其启示[J].心理学进展,2023,13(9):4026-4031.
Liu M.A brief analysis of Fromm's social psychology theoryand its implications[J].Advances in Psychology,2023,13(9):4026-4031.(in Chinese)
[3] 张霆.儿童早期发育的表观遗传运动调控机制的认识进展[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2024,32(8):821-825.
Zhang T.Advances in understanding epigenetic motor regulation mechanisms in early childhood development[J].Chin J Child Health Care, 2024,32(8):821-825.(in Chinese)
[4] 戴维·谢弗.儿童品格的由来:社会性与人格发展[M].6版.陈会昌,译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2021:8.
Shaffer DR.Social and personality development[M].Sixth Edition.Chen HC.Beijing:Posts ＆ Telecom Press,2021:8.(in Chinese)
[5] Wozniak JR,Fink BA,Fuglestad AJ,et al.Four-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of choline for neurodeve-lopment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder[J].J Neurodev Disord, 2020, 12(1):9.
[6] Zhao H,Cheng T,Zhai Y,et all.How mother-child interactions are associated with a child's compliance[J].Cereb Cortex,2021,31(9):4398-4410.
[7] Zheng LF,Lu CM.Non-invasive dual-brain stimulation facilitates social cooperation through enhancing interpersonal neural synchronization[J].NeuroImage,2025,317(6):121326.
[8] Curin M,Thompson LA.What is parent-child interaction therapy?[J].JAMA Pediatr, 2023,177(4):441.
[9] Pontoppidan M,Niss NK.Pejtersen JH,et al.Parent report measures of infant and toddler social-emotional devel-opment:A systematic review[J].Fam Pract,2017,34(2):127-137.
[10] 邵洁,童梅玲,张悦,等.婴幼儿养育照护专家共识[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2020,28(9): 1063-1068.
Shao J,Tong ML,Zhang Y,et al.Expert consensus oninfant care[J].Chin J Child Health Care, 2020, 28(9):1063-1068.(in Chinese)
[11] 国家卫生健康委办公厅.国家卫生健康委办公厅关于印发3岁以下婴幼儿健康养育照护指南(试行)的通知[EB/OL].(2012-11-19)[2025-12-06]https://www.nhc.gov.cn/fys/c100078/202211/f0f764d18bbc4ddea3cf659df6ebf10d.shtml.
[12] 张瑞峰.回应式养育理论下亲子游戏互动质量研究[D].辽宁:辽宁师范大学,2021.
Zhang DF.Research on interactive quality of parent-child games based on responsive caregiving theory[D].Liaoning:Liaoning Normal University,2021.(in Chinese)
[13] 冯蔚熙,朱玲风.回应性照护在婴幼儿养育照护中的应用研究进展[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2025,33(3): 288-292.
Feng WX,Zhu LF.Application of responsive caregiving in infant nurturing care[J].Chin J Child Health Care, 2025, 33(3):288-292.(in Chinese)
[14] 谢凌皓,张和颐,马燕凌,等.“消极回避”还是“积极参与”?数字时代下的养育压力与幼儿自我调节[J].心理与行为研究,2025,23(1):73-81.
Xie LH,Zhang HY,Ma YL,et al."Passive evasion”or“active engagement"? Parenting stress and children's self-regulation in the digital age[J].Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 2025,23(1):73-81.(in Chinese)
[15] AI赋能亲子教育新时代:探索人工智能亲子互动模式的创新实践与未来趋势[EB/OL].(2024-11-06)[2025-12-06].https://www.sthtlaw.com/news/afnozjyxsdtsrgznqzhdmsdcxsjywlqs.html
[16] 中国儿童中心.“做陪玩父母,育快乐儿童”项目[EB/OL].[2025-12-06].https://www.ccc.org.cn/col/col466/index.html
[17] Gou H,Yang Y.The relationship between video games and social-emotional delay in Chinese rural preschoolers: A comparison of five types of media[J].Child Care Health Dev,2024, 50(4):e13288.