性别与体育锻炼对青少年睡眠质量的交互作用

Interaction between sex and daily physical exercise duration in relation to sleep quality among adolescents

摘要

目的 分析性别及每日体育锻炼时长对青少年睡眠质量的交互作用,为青少年制定精准化的睡眠干预策略提供参考依据。方法 采用横断面研究设计,于2023年10月以整群抽样方式选取湖北省十堰市13所中学的12~17岁青少年,采用问卷调查和体格检查收集资料。共纳入10 607名研究对象,采用以学校为随机效应的线性混合模型分析性别、每日体育锻炼时长及二者交互项与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)得分的关联。结果 性别与每日体育锻炼时长的交互项有统计学意义(F=3.239,P=0.039)。按性别分层分析显示,在男生中,与每日体育锻炼30~<60 min者相比,<30 min者的PSQI得分较高(β=0.27,95%CI:0.13~0.41),≥60 min者的PSQI得分较低(β=-0.25,95%CI:-0.42~-0.07);在女生中,不同锻炼时长组与30~<60 min组的PSQI得分差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。按锻炼时长分层分析显示,在30~<60 min组和≥60 min组中,男生PSQI得分均低于女生(β=-0.32、-0.36,P<0.01),<30 min组的性别差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 性别与每日体育锻炼时长对青少年睡眠质量存在交互作用,体育锻炼时长与睡眠质量的关联主要体现在男生群体中。开展青少年睡眠健康促进工作时,应结合性别特征和体育锻炼水平制定差异化干预策略。

Abstract

Objective To examine the interaction between sex and daily physical exercise duration in relation to sleep quality among adolescents, so as to provide evidence for developing tailored sleep intervention strategies. Methods This cross-sectional study used cluster sampling to recruit adolescents aged 12-17 years from 13 middle schools in Shiyan, Hubei Province in October 2023. Data were collected through questionnaires and physical examinations. A total of 10 607 participants were included. Linear mixed-effects models with school included as a random effect were used to analyze the associations of sex, daily physical exercise duration, and their interaction with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores. Results The interaction between sex and daily physical exercise duration was statistically significant (F=3.239, P=0.039). Among boys, compared with those exercising for 30 to <60 min/d, those exercising for <30 min/d had higher PSQI scores (β =0.27, 95%CI: 0.13 to 0.41), whereas those exercising for ≥60 min/d had lower PSQI scores (β=-0.25, 95%CI: -0.42 to -0.07). Among girls, neither the <30 min/day group nor the ≥60 min/d group differed significantly from the 30 to <60 min/d group in PSQI score (P>0.05). Exercise-duration-stratified analyses showed that boys had lower PSQI scores than girls in both the 30 to <60 min/d and ≥60 min/d groups (β=-0.32,-0.36, P<0.01), whereas no significant sex difference was found in the <30 min/d group (P>0.05). Conclusions Sex and daily physical exercise duration interact in relation to sleep quality among adolescents, with the association between exercise duration and sleep quality observed primarily among boys. Adolescent sleep-health promotion strategies should consider both sex characteristics and physical exercise levels when developing tailored interventions.

关键词

青少年 / 性别 / 每日体育锻炼时长 / 睡眠质量 / 交互作用

Key words

adolescents / sex / daily physical exercise duration / sleep quality / interaction

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基金资助

湖北省普通高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地开放基金重点项目(2024ZD001)