儿童青少年24小时活动行为与超重肥胖的关联及其协同效应及影响因素

Associations of 24-hour movement behaviors with overweight and obesity and their synergistic effects and influencing factors among children and adolescents

摘要

儿童青少年超重和肥胖已成为重要公共卫生问题。24小时活动行为包括身体活动、久坐行为和睡眠,是影响其体重状况的关键因素。本文梳理24小时活动行为与儿童青少年超重和肥胖的独立关联、组合关联及其可能的影响因素。现有证据提示,达到推荐的中高强度身体活动水平与较低的肥胖指标相关,而娱乐性屏幕时间过长和睡眠不足与较高的超重肥胖风险相关;多种不良行为并存时,风险可能进一步增加。上述关联还可能受到遗传与青春期发育、建成环境、家庭与同伴环境、心理健康以及膳食质量和进食行为等因素影响。儿童青少年肥胖防控应从单一行为干预转向身体活动、久坐行为和睡眠的协同优化,并结合家庭、学校和社区环境采取分年龄、可实施的综合措施。

Abstract

Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents have become major public health concerns. Twenty-four-hour movement behaviors, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, are key factors influencing weight status. This review summarizes evidence on the independent and combined associations of these behaviors with overweight and obesity and discusses potential influencing factors. Meeting recommended levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is generally associated with more favorable adiposity outcomes, whereas excessive recreational screen time and insufficient sleep are associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity. Co-occurrence of multiple unhealthy behaviors may further increase risk. These associations may also be influenced by genetic factors and pubertal development, the built environment, family and peer environments, mental health, dietary quality, and eating behaviors. Obesity prevention and control among children and adolescents should therefore shift from interventions targeting a single behavior to the coordinated optimization of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Age-specific, feasible, and comprehensive measures should be implemented across family, school, and communities.

关键词

24小时活动行为 / 超重 / 肥胖 / 身体活动 / 久坐行为 / 睡眠 / 儿童青少年

Key words

24-hour movement behaviors / overweight / obesity / physical activity / sedentary behavior / sleep / children and adolescents

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基金资助

国家社会科学基金青年项目(25CTY034)