母亲对学龄前儿童体重感知偏差的变化轨迹及其人口社会学特征

Trajectories of maternal weight perception bias toward preschool children and associated sociodemographic characteristics

摘要

目的 探究母亲对学龄前儿童体重水平感知偏差的纵向变化趋势,识别不同轨迹的群组特征,并分析相关人口社会学因素。方法 采用纵向研究设计,2020年12月起对上海市8所公立幼儿园的176名母亲及其学龄前子女进行为期2年,共3个时间点的追踪调查。应用组轨迹模型识别母亲对儿童体重感知偏差的变化轨迹,并通过多分类logistic回归分析相关的人口社会学因素。结果 母亲对儿童体重水平的感知偏差以低估为主,三次随访时,母亲对儿童体重准确感知率分别为64.2%、63.1%和55.1%。组轨迹模型识别出四类轨迹:持续低估组(n=29,16.5%)、低估-准确感知组(n=17,9.6%)、持续准确感知组(n=88,50.0%)、准确-低估组(n=42,23.9%)。多分类logistic回归分析显示:与持续准确感知组相比,儿童年龄别体重指数Z评分(BAZ)越高,母亲持续低估儿童体重水平的可能性越低(OR=0.130,95%CI: 0.059~0.289);相对于女童,男童的母亲更可能由准确感知转为低估(OR=4.793,95%CI: 1.959~11.725)。结论 母亲对学龄前儿童体重的感知偏差随年龄增长呈现显著异质性变化,儿童性别及其早期BAZ是其关键影响因素。

Abstract

Objective To examine the longitudinal trajectories of maternal weight perception bias toward preschool children, to identify distinct trajectory groups, and to explore their associated sociodemographic characteristics. Methods In this longitudinal study, 176 mothers and their preschool children from eight public kindergartens in Shanghai were followed at three time points over a 2-year period, beginning in December 2020. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify trajectories of maternal weight perception bias, and multinomial logistic regression was performed to examine associated sociodemographic factors. Results Maternal misperception of children's weight status was predominantly characterized by underestimation. Across the three follow-up assessments, the proportions of accurate maternal perception were 64.2%, 63.1%, and 55.1%, respectively. Four trajectory groups were identified: persistent underestimation (n=29, 16.5%), underestimation-to-accurate perception (n=17, 9.6%), persistent accurate perception (n=88, 50.0%), and accurate perception-to-underestimation (n=42, 23.9%). Multinomial logistic regression showed that, compared with the persistent accurate perception group, a higher baseline BMI-for-age Z score (BAZ) was associated with a lower likelihood of persistent underestimation (OR=0.130, 95%CI: 0.059 - 0.289). In addition, compared with mothers of girls, mothers of boys were more likely to shift from accurate perception to underestimation (OR=4.793, 95%CI: 1.959 - 11.725). Conclusions Maternal weight perception bias toward preschool children follows distinct trajectories over time.Children's gender and early BAZ are important factors associated with trajectory patterns of maternal weight perception bias.

关键词

超重 / 肥胖 / 感知体重 / 感知偏差 / 学龄前儿童 / 组轨迹模型

Key words

overweight / obesity / weight perception / perception bias / preschool children / group-based trajectory model

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基金资助

教育部人文社科基金规划项目(25YJA190019)