多元数字化食育干预对学龄前儿童及家长营养知识和饮食行为的影响

Effects of multicomponent digital food and nutrition education intervention on nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors of preschool children

摘要

目的 评价多元数字化食育干预前后学龄前儿童及家长营养知识与饮食行为的变化,为推动食育课程的应用提供依据。方法 采用单组前后比较设计,整群抽取北京市顺义区城区3所幼儿园3~<6岁儿童,实施为期3个月的食育干预,包括每月1次现场课程及配套数字化课程。采用问卷调查比较干预前后儿童及家长的营养知识和饮食行为。结果 基线和干预后分别获得有效问卷415份和298份。干预后,家长对每天摄入食物种类数和膳食宝塔的知晓率分别由32.29%升至39.60%(RD=7.31%,P=0.044)和由57.83%升至68.46%(RD=10.63%,P=0.004);购买食物前查阅营养标签的比例由56.52%升至68.47%(RD=11.95%,P=0.001)。儿童基础营养知识、健康饮食行为与生活方式以及食物营养作用3个维度的平均得分均高于基线(P＜0.05)。儿童每日摄入新鲜蔬果和薯类、全谷物及杂豆的比例分别提高了8.02%和6.79%(P＜0.05)。结论 多元数字化食育干预对提升学龄前儿童营养知识和改善饮食行为具有积极作用。后期需开展更长周期、更大样本的随机对照实验,进一步评价其干预效果。

Abstract

Objective To evaluate changes in nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors among preschool children and their parents before and after a multicomponent digital food education intervention,so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting food education curricula. Methods A one-group pre-post study was conducted among children aged 3-<6 years from three kindergartens in urban Shunyi District, Beijing. The 3-month intervention comprised one onsite session per month and supporting digital modules. Changes in nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior among children and their parents before and after the intervention were assessed through questionnaire surveys. Results A total of 415 and 298 valid questionnaires were collected at baseline and post-intervention, respectively. After the intervention, parental awareness of the recommended daily variety of foods increased from 32.29% to 39.60% (RD=7.31%, P=0.044), and awareness of the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda increased from 57.83% to 68.46% (RD=10.63%, P=0.004). The proportion of checking nutrition labels before food purchases increased from 56.52% to 68.47% (RD=11.95%, P=0.001). Children showed significant post-intervention improvements in basic nutrition knowledge, healthy dietary behaviors and lifestyle, and nutritional functions of foods(P＜0.05). Daily intake rates of fresh vegetables and fruits significantly increased by 8.02%, and grains, tubers, and legumes increased by 6.79%(P<0.05). Conclusions The multicomponent digital food education interventions effectively improve nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors among preschool children. Randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer intervention periods are warranted to further evaluate its effectiveness.

关键词

食育 / 学龄前儿童 / 数字化 / 营养知识 / 饮食行为

Key words

food and nutrition education / preschool children / digital / nutrition knowledge / dietary behavior

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基金资助

北京儿童医院顺义妇儿医院妇幼健康基金(Y-FYJK-202407)