孤独症谱系障碍的自然发展行为干预模式

Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder

摘要

自然发展行为干预(NDBI)代表了当前孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童早期干预领域最有前景的一系列实证方法。尽管不同的干预方法各有独特之处,但是他们都是在发展科学与行为科学理论整合的基础上,是基于应用行为分析科学发展的既定原则,并且使用基于发展的干预策略,对儿童的个体化目标发展进行有针对性的指导。近年来的研究表明,NDBI在改善 ASD儿童共同注意、社交参与、语言及适应性行为等方面具有较为一致的效果,同时有助于提升亲子互动质量与家庭参与度。本文围绕NDBI的理论基础、核心特征、代表性干预模式及循证研究进展进行系统梳理,并结合我国儿童保健与康复服务体系的实际,探讨其在中国情境下的应用价值、实施难点及未来发展方向,以期为ASD儿童早期干预实践与相关政策制定提供参考。

Abstract

Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions (NDBIs) represent one of the most promising groups of evidence-based approaches in the field of early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Although individual intervention models differ in their specific features, they are all grounded in an integration of developmental and behavioral sciences.They are based on the well-established principles developed via the science of applied behavior analysis (ABA) and use developmentally based intervention strategies and sequences to guide goal development that is individualized to each child.Evidence from recent studies suggests that NDBIs produce relatively consistent effects in improving joint attention, social engagement, language, and adaptive behaviors in children with ASD, while also enhancing the quality of parent-child interactions and family involvement.This article reviews the theoretical foundations and shared features of NDBIs, summarizes representative models, and synthesizes the current evidence base.Considering child health-care and rehabilitation service systems in China, it further discusses contextual applicability, key implementation challenges and priorities for future research, so as to inform early intervention practice and related policy development for children with ASD.

关键词

自然发展行为干预 / 孤独症谱系障碍 / 发展科学 / 应用行为分析

Key words

naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions / autism spectrum disorder / developmental science / applied behavior analysis

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基金资助

天津市哲学社会科学规划年度项目重点项目(TJSR25-02)